Comparative Essay: To Kill A Mockingbird and Martin Luther Kin Essay

Choose 2 of the texts we have studied and explain how each composer has successfully communicated their message to the responder. In the text To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee and the ‘I have a dream’ speech by Martin Luther King Jnr, both composers have conveyed strong messages that are communicated through narrative and oral techniques. These messages of courage and prejudice and discrimination are what the composer thought is necessary to write in order to change social attitudes towards these issues. Both texts were written at a time when those who were oppressed were fighting for freedom and tolerance by those who discriminated. Atticus Finch shows a remarkable amount of moral courage by defending Tom Robinson in Court when accused of raping a white woman. This act takes courage, as Atticus already knows the small town of Maycomb has found Tom guilty. The intolerance and racism that has been widespread among southern society for hundreds of years may not be eliminated by this case, but Atticus will fight anyway. â€Å"†¦if I didn’t I couldn’t hold my head up in this town†¦I couldn’t even tell you or Jem not to do something again† This quote said by Atticus to Scout in an effort to teach Scout about social etiquette and morals. Atticus feels that he must have honesty in all sides of his life and that if he were to be false as a lawyer he would not be true to his family or friends. Having the children at the court case exposes them to the prejudice and hypocracy faced to those who a different to the majority. In the novel, coloured people are seen as dangerous and violent to those who are prejudiced. † I seen that black nigger†¦ruttin on my Mayella!†¦lived down yonder in that nigger-nest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bob Ewell says this when he gets carried away while accusing Tom Robinson. The quote demonstrates that Bob feels ‘Negroes’ are inferior savages that have no rights or feeling and is displayed when he uses language reserved for animals. By using Scout to narrate the story allows Harper Lee to expose the responder  to views and attitudes formed by minor with innocence. The audience learns about prejudice and discrimination as Scout learns. Through her eyes we see her father, Atticus, show moral courage as he defends a coloured man in court. The ending of the novel is cautiously optimistic as Atticus does not win the court case but still manages to have taught his children valuable life lessons. Martin Luther King Jnr stood up in front of a crowd, about 250, 000 followers who had gathered in Washington from around the world, and delivered a truly inspiring speech. The speech he gave that day on August 28th, 1963 became an anthem to those who were and still are being discriminated against. King knew of the risks he faced by standing up for himself and others in his position and what he did that day took courage and bravery. â€Å"†¦the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty†¦an exile in his own land†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This quote conveys that King felt that discrimination occurred in every aspect of a coloured persons life: personal, economic, political, religion and opportunity. â€Å"†¦lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood†. This phrase talks about everyone making an effort with the nation to stop racial prejudice and together form a peaceful and loving nation. The tone of the speech makes it almost ironic that America is the ‘land of opportunity’ and ‘liberty’, and that the ‘American Dream’ is equality and yet has colour restrictions and those who are racially different are discriminated against. King used many techniques to make his message as clear and precise as possible. These resources included call and response interaction with the audience; a ‘calm to storm’ delivery which begins in a slow professional manner before gradually reaching its dramatic climax; repetition; imagery used when, for example, he is contrasting between light and darkness (hope and imprisonment); and finally allusions such as religious or political. Both composers wrote their texts for the same purpose, to help change social  attitudes and to challenge the responder to employ tolerance and understanding. They achieved this by using various techniques to convey messages that help the audience ‘walk in someone else’s shoes’ for a brief moment of time. King leaves his audience with a feeling of hope and optimism for the future; Lee’s ending provides cautious optimism but it is still apparent. Both texts leave the audience with valuable knowledge and insight into a era of great prejudice and discrimination.

Entrepreneurship Reflection Essay Essay

1. INTRODUCTION From this reflection, I am glad that I came to this talk because this kind of discussion taught me a lot on how to be a good and excellent entrepreneur. Maybe before I came, the first think we will think after being an entrepreneur is of course the profit that we gained. We never think about the responsibilities as a Muslim to do the job properly and wisely. Sometimes the entrepreneur itself forget to donate the money, to give zakat and others. We only think that the profit that the business can give us. But we forget that everything come from Allah and everything is his’. We do not absolutely own every single money that we earn. But of course if we earn it by ourselves the money is ours, but if we do not give zakat, the money is nothing to us as a Muslim. 2. REFLECTIONS ON KEY LEARNING POINT 2.1 Islamic entrepreneurship There are secrets to be a successful businessman which is following the way from the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).There are 10 qualities of Prophet Muhammad in being a successful person in business. First is honesty. Undoubtedly, no one can be more truthful and honest than the Messengers of God. Of course we must be honest on doing works to get barakah from Allah on what are we doing.. Second is trustworthy. Trustworthiness further enhances the integrity and sound moral conduct that is inherent in the notion of honesty. Being trustworthy implies being honest, fair in dealings and punctual as well as honoring trusts and keeping promises and commitments. The third one is flexibility. He always observed justice and equity while he was trading  and avoided telling lies and fraud, which was the practiced by many tradesmen. Prophet Muhammad was never strict in his business dealings with others. Sa’ib ibn al-Sa’ib relates: During the age of ignorance, I was his [the Prophetâ€⠄¢s] trade partner, and I found him the best of the partners in every respect. He neither argued with anyone nor was he obstinate and nor did he blame anything on his partner. Fourth is his consciousness of responsibility. In a hadith reported by Abdullah b. Omar Prophet Muhammad said: â€Å"We are all shepherds and we are all responsible for those who are under our hands (i.e. in our flocks). Fifth is good manner with his companions. The prophet was very close to his companions, and this is well known when one reads the detailed reports about the prophet’s biography. The sixth one is prophet Muhammad always seek his companions to consult with them. The Prophet (pbuh) would consult his companions, and take their opinions and points of view into consideration in issues and matters for which no textual proofs were revealed. The prophet (SAW) was concerned about his companions and would make sure that they were well. If he was told about a companion who was sick, he would rush to visit him with the companions that were present with him. Seventh is Prophet Muhammad would serve himself such as washed his own clothes and milked his sheep. The Prophet’s excellent manners, not only made him serve himself; rather, he would serve others as well. Next is he recognizes his companions’ skills. A good leader is one who sees the positive traits of his team members and invests in them. This is exactly what the Prophet (pbuh) did with his companions. There are many examples that show how the Prophet (pbuh) discovered where his companions excelled and how he utilized their potentials and wisely invested in them. The second last is correcting his companions’ mistakes. Correcting people’s mistakes is a Quranic guidance. The Quran has many references to situations in which a certain conduct is blamed and corrected. These situations apply to Muslims in general and to the Prophet (pbuh) himself. Last but not least is the gentleness of Prophet Muhammad. Gentleness is a key quality of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). When he wanted to teach his companions, he used a very wise method which involved both respect for the recipient of such knowledge without embarrassing him. 2.2 Personality Type That Suit to Your New Venture There are 4 types of person after lots of researches has been done. First is sanguine. Sanguine is a sociable person. They laugh for the hard days, wise words when squeezed by the burden, creative, enthusiasm, and always have the energy to start. Sanguine love to be popular. They have a lot of friends. They love to talk, to perform, and help each other and they always curious. Sanguine love to be children forever. Second is choleric. Choleric is a strong person. They have a strong leadership. They are faithful, brave, and have the freedom to be on one’s own. They all forced and always want to make a change. Strong-willed and assertive, goal oriented, well organized, and they don’t really need friends. They always be the superior one in the emergency time. Next is melancholic. Melancholies is a sensitive person. Depth to see the heart and soul of life. Artistic to appreciate the art. They are thoughtfully, analytical, serious, and have a talent. They are perfectionist, so they love details. Last but not least is phlegmatic. Phlegmatic is a peaceful person. They always stable, patient, and have a compassion for the other. They always keep calm, when the other was in confusion. They are humble, silent, controlled, good listener, and always happy with their life. They always be the mediator, and easy to get along with. 2.3 SALES AND MARKETING For sales and marketing, there are 4 marketing techniques that can boost up our business. First is product. In the case of services, the â€Å"product† is intangible, heterogeneous and perishable. Moreover, its production and consumption are inseparable. Hence, there is scope for customizing the offering as per customer requirements, and the actual customer encounter therefore assumes particular significance. Second is price. Of all the aspects of the marketing mix, price is the one, which creates sales revenue – all the others are costs. The price of an item is clearly an important determinant of the value of sales made. In theory, price is really determined by the discovery of what customers perceive is the value of the item on sale. Next is place. Place is concerned with various methods of transporting and storing goods, and then making them available for the  customer. Getting the right product to the right place at the right time involves the distribution system. The choice of distribution method will depend on a variety of circumstances. The last one is promotion. Promotion is the business of communicating with customers. It will provide information that will assist them in making a decision to purchase a product or service. The successful promotion increases sales so that advertising and other costs are spread over a larger output. Though increased promotional activity is often a sign of a response to a problem such as competitive activity, it enables an organization to develop and build up a succession of messages and can be extremely cost-effective. CRITICAL FINDINGS 3.1 Islamic Entrepreneurship Islam is a complete way of life. There is no separation between business and religion. Islam has its own entrepreneurship culture and guiding principles based on the Al-Quran and Al-Hadith to guide business operation. The aim of the group is to highlight the guiding principles of entrepreneurship in Islam, especially in the Arab heritage, by Al-Quran, Al-Hadith and the entrepreneurial ethics based on example of conducts from Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). In business, entrepreneurs has to have objectives and targets but these are subservient to the ultimate objective of acquiring the blessing of Allah s.w.t. In Islam, to indulge in business is to perform an obligatory duty (fardhu kifayah). Profits gained from the business by entrepreneurs are merely incidental in the fulfillment of the fardhu kifayah. In business we must have a role model so that their actions can guide us in our development stages of life and more so, they help us make meaningful decisions. Many children grow up imitating their role model’s behavior, for example, if they see their role model smoking, then they are likely to smoke. We as Muslims have our own role model that can’t be changed even in another life none other than Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). There is no community has been without its righteous guides and teachers to help its people towards the truth and to lead them from the depths of darkness to the light of Islam. Aristotle believes that we learn to be moral (virtuous) by modeling the behavior of moral people. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) has maintained the best characteristics in his roles as father, husband, friend, ruler, governor,  teacher, statesman, protector of the weak, widows, and poor, a guide to the rich, a guardian of the orphans, and a servant of Allah. No one could ever equal the Prophet (pbuh) in the whole history of mankind and no one ever will, insha Allah. 3.2 Personality Type That Suit to Your New Venture As for me, I would like meet new people, having works with bunch of friends so that we would not feel the works is burdensome for us and we also find that doing work in group is fun. As we know the more the merrier. Meeting new people will teach me to handle every kind or every type of people. I think the type of personality suits me best is sanguine. This is because I am a person who is very talkative an also extrovert. I am not good for keeping things inside. In the future I have planned to work not only in the office but have opportunities to meet new people so that I can increase the number of friends. I also like to socialize instead of having works in front of the computer for the whole day. I also tend to enjoy social gatherings. From the research, they state that sanguine personality is affected by chemical called dopamine, which makes these people intensely curious and creative. Their curiosity can be expressed in their love for reading and different kinds of knowledge and t hey usually possess high amounts of energy, so they may seem restless and spontaneous. Some findings also stated that if you have a sanguine business personality, your strengths lie in your interpersonal relationships. You’ve got people skills that are out of this world. People warm to you quickly and you understand how to make a good first impression. Your business relationships are solid and effective; social media and networking come easily to you. You’re probably very popular in your workplace amongst your co-workers as well as your clients. Even though like that, everyone must have their own negative sides in their own way. For sanguine we need a little help in the non-social aspects of owning a business. ‘On Your Own’ we may have trouble focusing when you’re working alone or you may find solo work boring and tedious. Timeliness Sanguine tend to be chronically late. You may have trouble getting in on time or keeping up with your appointments. Like any other bad habits, the first step is admitting that you’ve got a problem t ime management. Sanguine also often  struggle with leadership positions if they’re too concerned with how their employees see them. Of course it would be some good sides of a person and some bad sides. But, with such an extroverted business personality, we should not be afraid to focus on networking and building strong customer relationships. Just make sure that we’re not losing sight on the other aspects of your business; though your social interactions may have built your business, it’s the legwork that keeps it running. Your personality type might affects everything in your life. It is how we interact with others, how we spend our free time, how we build relationships. It even affects how we do business. This is why we need Islam in our life so that we do not go astray from what we should do. And this is one of the reason why we must have to make Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) as a role model so that we know why we do all of this on this earth. 3.3 SALES AND MARKETING For IIC marketing and sales, they also follow the rules of marketing which are 4Ps. 1. Product This year (2013)2 certificates, 10 diploma programs and 2 degree programs are offered. For December 2013, online executive diploma program will be opened. Next year additional 2 certificate, 1 foundation, 7 diploma programs and 3 degree programs are offered for registered students. IIC also is IIUM branding which is apply Islamic values and also Intensive English classes. 2. Place IIC is placed at Taman Batu Muda, Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur. Batu Caves is a center of Malaysia. This is because Batu caves is one of the most popular temple in the world. So people might be easy to know the place of IIC by searching it in the internet. This place also easy access by public transportation. 3. Promotion There are some promotions has been held by IIC which are advertisements in newspapers and radio stations, participating in educational exhibitions locally and internationally and road Tour while conduct briefing and interview session nationwide. IIC also promotes using telemarketing and Facebook. They also held some programs with school counselors to persuade  the students to join IIC. Registered agents also has been practiced in IIC promoting actions. 4. Price Certificate – RM5,580 Diploma – RM14,260-RM18,400 Degree – RM42,000 (3 years), RM28,000 (2 Years) Registration fee of RM440/RM975- Cert/Diploma Registration fee of RM1,000/RM1,500- Degree Hostel Fee of RM250 per month From the talk we can see that the sales and marketing part for IIC has been given as listed above. It follows everything from the 4Ps. 4. ACTION PLAN After the speech given by the speakers, we can tell that IIC is a good high education institute because it is near to residential area and lots of facilities around the campus. This will ease the student of the institute to get the essential needs. As for me I will promote the institute to others as it offers the course that widely needed in this global industries. This campus also offers a very conducive environment of studies to help the students to develop their critical and logical thinking as well as develop their creativity and good personal traits. I also thinking about joining the road tour with IIC so that I can get some experience about marketing and promoting. From the road tour, IIC will distribute goody bags to provide all the information needed for the customers. I also will help to promote IIC using social network as we can see internet is the fastest to spread the information all over the cyber community. 5. CONCLUSION From the talk we can see that everything that has been discussed is important. First is they let us know that the qualities to be the best business man is we must have our role model which is Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) so that we will not go astray from what we should do and from we should be. They also taught us about the personality types exist so that we well prepared for anything happen in the future on how to overcome our emotion and our greediness and so on. Next is the 4Ps which are the most important  things in marketing and entrepreneurship. 4Ps stands for product, price, promotion and place. Every aspect must be clear before we run any business so that we know what exactly going on to our business.

Case Study 1 - international marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Study 1 - international marketing - Essay Example They then seek out characteristics, such as prestige-oriented attitudes or general lifestyle, and then develop advertising and integrated communications strategies to meet these needs. It is segmentation and then response to market identification using language that would be accepted by these groups. Divide and conquer segments â€Å"must be revisited to ensure relevance† (Schwarz, 2007, p.1). Question 2 This paradox fits into Acer’s strategy as it is recognized that global markets are products and local markets are people. There is no standardized method of achieving marketing success due to the fact that people across the globe, even if they have similar demographic traits, will not have the same buying behaviors. Businesses that believe they can use standardized advertising and communications principles are engaging in paradoxical thinking (sagepub.com, 2007). Local markets can be easier identified with and segmented while global markets are more difficult to define. Acer spent a great deal of time learning Chinese buyer behaviors, such as feelings about product reputation, that helped standardize segmentation and ad strategies in this specific culture. Globally, however, Acer must adapt these principles to meet unique market needs.

Book review( Leadership tool kit) Bryn Hughes Essay

Book review( Leadership tool kit) Bryn Hughes - Essay Example Hughes’ observes that leaders should explore motives and outline key result areas amongst other things. In essence, Hughes does not only dwell on ethical leadership, but also on professional competence in leadership. He seems to affirms strongly that leadership is God chosen and should be treated with the seriousness and responsibility it deserves. Hughes sees leadership as a state of mind of a person who is visionary and spiritual. He also sees leadership to be defined by sound character. The author also analyses that good motives of a leader should be to share with other so that they can achieve together as a team. His understanding of motives is leadership is also pegged in Bible teachings on leadership. He analyses in various ways that proper motives are the key drivers for any success as a leader. One may see that although he focuses on doing the right thing from the Biblical context of righteousness, his leadership tools also blend well in the context of organizations in the contemporary societies. One may also note that when Hughes explains the concept and the relevance of motives to Christian leadership, he also captures on the teachings of Jesus about what constitutes sins. Jesus on His part observes in the Bible (Mathew 5:28) that whoever has looked at a woman lustfully has committed sex with her. One may say that it is in this regard that Hughes focuses and emphasizes on good motive. Although he does not dwell on the subject with very specific examples, it is understandable that anything that does not constitute God’s will is morally wrong for Christian living. This way, he observes, leaders are able to improve themselves as individuals and improve their teams. The author emphasizes that Christian leaders are should work hard towards acquiring these skills in contemporary society. In order to achieve this, the author rightfully recognizes that there is a need to identify key result areas. Hughes offers that leaders should have the drive and the desire to achieve. They do this through a display of effort in the various areas that they have identified as areas of need. When there is a strong desire to take or accept responsibilities, then a leader is on course. Leadership that is concerned about not just tasks to be completed but also demonstrates which tasks is preferable. Hughes seems to assert that proper leadership would involve being efficient at allocated tasks through proper facilitation and motivation (Hughes, 2002, p. 34). The leader should demonstrate a high morale through involvement with his/her team. This is observable through proper coordination. Other key result areas include being supportive, participative and directive. Churches can enhance leadership by training leaders at various levels to be supportive in their various involvements. Sometimes things not work out as expected. Hughes offers that leaders should support others especially by recognizing the effort put into it. Most importantly, they s hould offer support on various tasks on progress as might be necessary. It is also important that leaders acquire skills through actual participation in the various areas of involvement in the church leadership. While working in their teams, the author also offers that there is a need for leaders to be trained to be visions creators. Visionary leaders are capable of come up with new ideas that will help in goals setting and eventual action plan.

Legal Case of the Caspian Sea Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Legal Case of the Caspian Sea - Research Paper Example Iran and Russia, especially Iran, favor splitting the sea equally among the countries, with each country owning the sea with joint sovereignty. The other countries, however, favor partitioning – they get certain parts of the sea to control for their countries, and the other countries get their own slice of the pie. This describes the conflict in a nutshell. However, the conflict is more complex because other, more powerful countries, like China and the United States, have taken sides. This paper will describe the conflict, along with describing other water based conflicts, in recommending the best course of action for the five countries in dispute over the Caspian Sea. Discussion The dispute over the Caspian Sea has as its genesis the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991-1992. According to Mirfendereski (2001), prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Caspian Sea was the province of only two countries – the Soviet Union and Iran. After the breakup of the Soviet Un ion, however, the Caspian Sea was abutted by Iran, Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. Further, Mirfedereski (2001) stated that, soon after the breakup of the Soviet Union, the Caspian Sea became a matter of international business, as, in addition to the countries abutting the Sea, other countries, such as the United States and China, developed a strategic interest in the region, because of the Sea’s rich and oil and gas reserves. As Zeinolabedin et al. (2011) states, the Caspian Sea and how it is divided up between the countries is important to the countries, and to the world, because of the Caspian Sea’s resources, particularly in the area of oil and gas. Roberts (2001) states that the issue of the Caspian Sea energy development is dominated by four factors – uncertain oil prices; the geology and geography of the area; the pipeline issue; and the ability of the Turkish government to develop a coherent energy import policy. Before the breakup of th e Soviet Union, the Caspian Sea was divided according to agreements made between Iran and the Soviet Union in 1921 and 1940 (Laruelle & Peyrouse, 2009). However, after the breakup of the Soviet Union, this agreement became problematic, although Russia initially proposed, after the breakup of the Soviet Union, that the countries share the Caspian Sea, with the exception of ten miles (Laruelle & Peyrouse, 2009). The other countries, however, did not agree with this plan. This means that, for the new countries which abutted the Caspian Sea, there was not specific guidance on how the Sea should be partitioned. However, Mirfendereski (2001) states that at this time there was, when the Soviet Union was intact, delineations that the Soviet Union had made for the Caspian republics. There was also a division between the Soviet Union and Iran, called the Astara-Hassanqoli line. However, as these delineations meant that Russia had to concede a large portion of the Sea, Russian disputed the Sov iet Union delineations, according to Mirfendereski (2001). What Russia was seeking, according to Mirfedereski (2001), was an equal but undivided share of the Sea as a whole, as opposed to partitioning. Iran, whose ostensible partition of the Caspian Sea, per the Astara-Hassanqoli line, deprived it of offshore petroleum deposits, went along with the Russian plan to ignore the Astara-Hassanqoli line and divide the Sea up so that each country had an equal but undi

HCI Reading Journal - Journal #2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HCI Reading Journal - Journal #2 - Research Paper Example However I must add that an interface goes beyond this. It might sound strange but I think I have some emotional attachment to my Smartphone its interface is so interactive and convenient that I sometimes feel incomplete without it. It has totally changed m experience in many ways. My nephew who is about 2 years is fond of me; he would jump at the sound of my voice. But that was before I realized that after the normal hug he would go straight for my phone and keep pressing the screen and motioning me to open an application that has an animation of a cat that would repeat any sound he makes. I could see he was excited and totally loved it. I thought this was normal but once we started this class I was able to understand the role played by design. According to Heim (2008), cognitive aspect of design determines the effectiveness of the interface. At this early age the kid was able to create a perception of the interface and consequently create an attachment. In essence, the interface was able to achieve its purpose due to the adequate thought put into its cognitive design. In my local town, there is an ATM boot that has three ATM machines placed in one row. The machines work alright and are very convenient. I did not see any problem in this setup until I read in Heims text about the consideration of public computers in relation to work space. In his argument, Heim (2008) postulates that design should consider the working space needed for a particular device. This opened my mind regarding the ATM machines; the working space is so small you literally can brush your shoulders when moving from one machine to another. This not only affects the comfort that should be accorded to a public computer but most importantly infringes on privacy. This is something that needs to be addressed in public computing devices that are used by hundreds of people in a

Management Of Pressure Ulcers Among Chronic Care Patients Dissertation

Management Of Pressure Ulcers Among Chronic Care Patients - Dissertation Example Continued pressure on one part of the body may cause these pressure ulcers to manifest; and with continued neglect and without any medical and/or nursing intervention, these pressure ulcers can progress to their more serious stages. With adequate and appropriate nursing management, these pressure ulcers can however be prevented and treated. This paper shall discuss the various nursing management methods for pressure ulcers among the adult chronic care patients. This paper shall consider the risk factors for pressure ulcers and the different stages of the progression of this medical problem. It shall discuss the specific nursing management measures which can be applied in order to prevent the appearance and the progression of pressure ulcers among adult chronic care patients. This paper is being carried out in order to establish clear standards in the management of pressure ulcers. This topic was chosen because of this student’s current involvement with adult care practice, wit h much attention given to chronic care patients and the different issues they experience as long-term patients. Much attention needs to be given again to chronic care because these are domains of nursing practice which often calls for the most hours spent by nurses. Pressure ulcers in this paper shall be defined as â€Å"a lesion caused by unrelieved pressure with damage to the underlying tissue† (Mauk, 2009, p. 501). Adult chronic care patients shall refer to adult patients, aged 18 years and above suffering from chronic conditions (prolonged period of time). These chronic conditions are diseases or medical conditions which often persist for prolonged periods; they include conditions like paralysis, fracture, coma, cancer, osteoarthritis, and spinal injury. With these considerations, this paper aims to establish the different methods of managing pressure ulcers among elderly chronic care patients. Specifically, it shall discuss the different ways of preventing the appearance of pressure ulcers among patients at risk for pressure ulcers. A review of studies in relation to the current topic shall be undertaken in different databases including the library catalogues, research indices, the internet, and similar databases such as Medline, CI NAHL, and the Royal College of Nursing. Library searches shall be carried out by using library catalogues and search databases. Books and journals, as well as news articles shall be reviewed with particular focus on the keywords: nursing management and pressure ulcers. Internet searches shall include database searches using keywords nursing management and pressure ulcers, pressure sores, and decubitus ulcers. Relevant materials shall be set aside for further review. Materials which shall be included in this review shall be studies published from January 2000 to January 2011. Those which discuss the nursing management of pressure ulcers or sores shall be considered for this research. The credibility of these authors as well as their publishers shall also be reviewed. Those which discuss pressure ulcers among the elderly shall also be included in this paper. These parameters shall help provide inclusion criteria for this study. Main body Pressure ulcers are serious medical issues invo lving vulnerable patients. According to the Ministry of Health or MOH (2001, p. 6), incidents of pressure ulcer register at a rate of 5% to 16% among in-patients. It is therefore important to prevent this condition in order to avoid its worsening and progression into deeper skin layers. These pressure ulcers are assessed and described at different stages. For the sake of

Contract Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contract Law - Case Study Example If Y makes an offer to Z, it is a specific offer and Z is the only person who can accept it. But in many cases, it is immaterial to whom the offer is made. Offers made by advertisement are the commonest form of offers made to the world at large, and can be accepted by anyone by acting on them. 2 For this case, Igor made an offer through advertisement and it was to be accepted by anyone who acted on the advertisement. Jonquil acting on the advertisement accepted the offer through the post in an acceptance letter he wrote on January 29th. The advertisement said that anyone accepting to the offer must reply to the Ritz Hotel in London by February 1st. A contract had already been entered into between Igor and Jonquil immediately a letter of acceptance was posted. It is immaterial that Igor sold the guitar since he had not received any acceptance from Jonquil. The acceptance is considered complete immediately the letter of acceptance is posted, even if it is lost or destroyed in the post so that it never arrived. As long as the offeree can prove that he posted the letter of acceptance, the court will enforce the contract. b) Ali had made a contract between him and Blessing Builders for a fixed price of 5,000 but when the repair of the kitchen was half way finished Ali added them a further 700 since he heard the they were likely to abandon the work since they had under priced the job. It is immaterial for Ali to fail to pay them the extra 700 he had added them just because he lost money on the stock market. The extra 700 he added to encourage them to complete the repair of the kitchen had not been attached to any condition that failure of not making enough money on the stock market, would make him not pay them the extra amount. For this case, Blessing Builders should be paid their promise of an extra 700 since it was not attached to any condition. It is immaterial that he is failing to pay them since he made losses on the stock market. For this case, Blessing Builders may sue Ali for damages. Ali should not withhold the extra 700 he promised to give Blessing Builders upon completion of repairing the kitchen. 4 c) On the case where Neil was advised by his uncle to leave Manchester where he worked as an insurance clerk to undertake a dentist course as he give him monthly allowances, the uncle should be sued for breach of contract. Neil enjoyed a full social life in Manchester as he worked as an insurance clerk. His uncle disrupted his social life by advising him to take a dentist course in London as he promised to give him monthly allowances while studying. For this case, there was an intention to create

Miranda vs. Arizona Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Miranda vs. Arizona - Essay Example We know we have the right to remain silent and have a right to an attorney. Yet, the Miranda decision was far more reaching than the few principles that are read from a card. It reaches back into history to establish a precedent and presents ongoing dilemmas as it faces new challenges for the courts and law enforcement.Up until the time of the 1966 Miranda decision, police interrogations varied widely in manner and method. American law, based on English principles, had long accepted that coerced testimony or confessions were unreliable as evidence. This was the premise of the Fifth Amendment that made coerced and manipulated testimony inadmissible as trial evidence on constitutional grounds. Even though law enforcement eliminated the use of torture to elicit confessions, by the middle of the 20th century new questions about the ethics of more modern tactics arose.The court was faced with the problem of enforcing what was known as the 'totality of the circumstances' rule (Lively 293). It stated that the overall environment and climate that the confession was obtained in was what the courts were to consider when evaluating whether it was voluntary or not. Courts around the country had different standards and police had different methods. There was also the problem of the interrogations taking place in private and little was known about the methods being used behind closed doors. In addition, the mandatory informing of the right to an attorney had only recently been established. ... At that point in history, the privilege against self-incrimination did not extend to police interrogations and under existing law his confession probably met the standard of 'totality of circumstance' and was considered voluntary (Hall 553). However, according to Hall, they did not meet the new standards that the court would put forth in this case (553). The court ruled that a person held for questioning has the (1) right to remain silent, (2) anything they say can be held against them, (3) they have the right to have an attorney present, (4) and the right to a public defender if they can not afford an attorney (Hall 554). This is the basis of the Miranda decision. The court also held that police needed to clearly advise the subjects of these rights and they needed to be clearly understood. If the suspect waived these rights, they must do so "voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently" (Lively 294). These rules were established to assure that suspects were afforded their constitutional rights under the 5th and 6th amendments. Supporters of the decision saw this as a move away from the strong arm and intimidating police tactics of the past. They applauded the ruling as a move towards fairness in an accusatorial system, enhancing the presumption of innocence, and preventing the cruel and inhumane treatment of prisoners and suspects (Vile 400). It also set federal standards for the interrogation of suspects. Opponents to the ruling saw it as too limiting for law enforcement. In a harshly worded dissent, Justice John Harlan argued that it would bring about the end of the confession as a useful law enforcement technique. He stated in his opinion that, "The thrust

Choice of operating system Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Choice of operating system - Case Study Example Starting with Windows NT Build 1 and Windows 3.1, it has now progressed to Windows Vista Ultimate Edition and Windows NT Build 6. The decision to use and adhere to Microsoft operating systems, whether on the corporate network or individual, non-networked computers, was largely predicated on the fact that the popularity of the product implied that the majority of software manufacturers designed their own products for compatibility with Microsoft. In other words, the decision was not one which was consciously made by the ICT department on the basis of the quality superiority, or cost effectiveness, of the operating systems in question but was imposed upon it by Microsoft's domination of the market. The advent of the Internet and the company's subsequent adoption of e-business and e-commerce tools, not to mention increased office automation and computerization, necessitated the purchase and operation of a mainframe server. Again, choice of mainframe operating systems was determined by the range of third-party products available. Microsoft proved its dominance once again, leading to the adoption of Windows Server 2000. At present, the mainframe OS is Windows Server 2003 R2. At the present time, the company has 56 laptops and PC's running Windows Vista Ultimate Edition, 104 netwo... 3 Evaluation of Windows OS Windows operating systems are hardly the optimal choice for any organization. Tanenbaum (2001) and Tanenbaum and Woodhull (2006) explain that no operating systems have as much security vulnerabilities as do Windows OS's. Security vulnerabilities, a significant problem in themselves, are only complicated by the fact that Microsoft releases far fewer patches than required. Compounded by the widespread popular use of Windows OS's, security is a significant problem as hackers are, seemingly, singularly evoted to compromising systems which run a Windows OS (Tanenbaum, 2001; Tanenbaum and Woodhull, 2006). Not only are Windows operating systems replete with security vulnerabilities but, they are also costly. The implementation of a Windows operating system together with the related security software, costs organizations several thousand dollars, often running into high four or, possibly, five figure sums (Silberschatz et al., 2004). It is, in comparison to Linux OS, extremely costly. Furthermore, consequent to its domination of the market, largely evidenced in the fact that the majority of third-party software is designed for operation in a Windows environment, Microsoft is engaged in the continued increasing of OS prices, rather than their decrease, as per market demand (Silberschatz et al., 2004). The ICT Director confirmed the academic literature findings cited in the preceding, conceding that Windows operating systems were often a security "nightmare" and, in comparison to other OS's, quite costly. Mac OS X and Linux were, in his opinion, much better than Windows. Their security vulnerabilities were

Pin Hole Camera Essay Example for Free

Pin Hole Camera Essay A pinhole camera is a simple camera without a lens and with a single small aperture – effectively a light-proof box with a small hole in one side. Light from a scene passes through this single point and projects an inverted image on the opposite side of the box. The human eye in bright light acts similarly, as do cameras using small apertures. Up to a certain point, the smaller the hole, and the sharper the image, but the dimmer the projected image. Optimally, the size of the aperture should be 1/100 or less of the distance between it and the projected image. Because a pinhole camera requires a lengthy exposure, its shutter may be manually operated, as with a flap made of light-proof material to cover and uncover the pinhole. Typical exposures range from 5 seconds to several hours. A common use of the pinhole camera is to capture the movement of the sun over a long period of time. This type of photography is called Solargraphy. The image may be projected onto a translucent screen for real-time viewing (popular for observing solar eclipses; see also camera obscura), or can expose photographic film or a charge coupled device (CCD). Pinhole cameras with CCDs are often used for surveillance because they are difficult to detect. Pinhole devices provide safety for the eyes when viewing solar eclipses because the event is observed indirectly, the diminished intensity of the pinhole image being harmless compared with the full glare of the Sun itself. In the 10th century, Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) wrote about naturally-occurring rudimentary pinhole cameras. For example, light may travel through the slits of wicker baskets or the crossing of tree leaves. (The circular dapples on a forest floor, actually pinhole images of the sun, can be seen to have a bite taken out of them during partial solar eclipses opposite to the position of the moons actual occultation of the sun because of the inverting effect of pinhole lense s.) Alhazen published this idea in the Book of Optics in 1021 AD. He improved on the camera after realizing that the smaller the pinhole, the sharper the image (though the less light). He provides the first clear description for construction of a camera obscura (Lat. dark chamber). In the 5th century BC, the Mohist philosopher Mo Jing in ancient China mentioned the effect of an inverted image forming through a pinhole. The image of an inverted Chinese pagoda is mentioned in Duan Chengshis (d. 863) book Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyangwritten during the Tang Dynasty (618–907). Along with experimenting with the pinhole camera and the burning mirror of the ancient Mohists, the Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE)Chinese scientist Shen Kuo (1031–1095) experimented with camera obscura and was the first to establish geometrical and quantitative attributes for it. In the 13th century AD, Robert Grosseteste and Roger Bacon commented on the pinhole camera. Between 1000 and 1600, men such as Ibn al-Haytham, Gemma Frisius, andGiambattista della Porta wrote on the pinhole camera, explaining why the images are upside down. Around 1600 AD, Giambattista della Porta added a lens to the pinhole camera. It was not until 1850 AD that a Scottish scientist by the name of Sir David Brewster actually took the first photograph with a pinhole camera. Up until recently it was believed that Brewster himself coined the term Pinhole in The Stereoscope The earliest reference to the term Pinhole has been traced back to almost a century before Brewster to James Fergusons Lectures on select Subjects. Sir William Crookes and William de Wiveleslie Abney were other early photographers to try the pinhole technique. Within limits, a smaller pinhole (with a thinner surface that the hole goes through) will result in sharper image resolution because the projected circle of confusion at the image plane is practically the same size as the pinhole. An extremely small hole, however, can produce significant diffraction effects and a less clear image due to the wave properties of light. Additionally, vignetting occurs as the diameter of the hole approaches the thickness of the material in which it is punched, because the sides of the hole obstruct the light entering at anything other than 90 degrees. The best pinhole is perfectly round (since irregularities cause higher-order diffraction effects), and in an extremely thin piece of material. Industrially produced pinholes benefit from laseretching, but a hobbyist can still produce pinholes of sufficiently high quality for photographic work. One method is to start with a sheet of brass shim or metal reclaimed from an aluminium drinks can or tin foil/aluminum foil, use fine sand paper to reduce the thickness of the centre of the material to the minimum, before carefully creating a pinhole with a suitably sized needle. A method of calculating the optimal pinhole diameter was first att empted by Jozef Petzval. The crispest image is obtained using a pinhole size determined by the formula [pic] Where d is pinhole diameter, f is focal length (distance from pinhole to image plane) and ÃŽ » is the wavelength of light. For standard black-and-white film, a wavelength of light corresponding to yellow-green (550nm) should yield optimum results. For a pinhole-to-film distance of 1 inch (25 mm), this works out to a pinhole 0.17 mm in diameter. For 5 cm, the appropriate diameter is 0.23 mm. The depth of field is basically infinite, but this does not mean that no optical blurring occurs. The infinite depth of field means that image blur depends not on object distance, but on other factors, such as the distance from the aperture to the film plane, the aperture size, and the wavelength(s) of the light source. Pinhole cameras can be handmade by the photographer for a particular purpose. In its simplest form, the photographic pinhole camera can consist of a light-tight box with a pinhole in one end, and a piece of film or photographic paper wedged or taped into the other end. A flap of cardboard with a tape hinge can be used as a shutter. The pinhole may be punched or drilled using a sewing needle or small diameter bit through a piece of tinfoil or thin aluminum or brass sheet. This piece is then taped to the inside of the light tight box behind a hole cut through the box. A cylindrical oatmeal container may be made into a pinhole camera. Pinhole cameras can be constructed with a sliding film holder or back so the distance between the film and the pinhole can be adjusted. This allows the angle of view of the camera to be changed and also the effective f-stop ratio of the camera. Moving the film closer to the pinhole will result in a wide angle field of view and a shorter exposure time. Moving the film farther away from the pinhole will result in a telephoto or narrow angle view and a longer exposure time. Pinhole cameras can also be constructed by replacing the lens assembly in a conventional camera with a pinhole. In particular, compact 35 mm cameras whose lens and focusing assembly have been damaged can be reused as pinhole cameras—maintaining the use of the shutter and film winding mechanisms. As a result of the enormous increase in number while maintaining the same exposure time, one must use a fast film in direct sunshine. Pinholes (homemade or commercial) can be used in place of the lens on an SLR. Use with a digital SLR allows metering and composition by trial and error, and is effectively free, so is a popular way to try pinhole photography. Unusual materials have been used to construct pinhole cameras, e.g., a Chinese roast duck. By Martin Cheung Calculating the f-number required exposure The f-number of the camera may be calculated by dividing the distance from the pinhole to the imaging plane (the focal length) by the diameter of the pinhole. For example, a camera with a 0.5 mm diameter pinhole, and a 50 mm focal length would have an f-number of 50/0.5, or 100 (f/100 in conventional notation). Due to the large f-number of a pinhole camera, exposures will often encounter reciprocity failure. Once exposure time has exceeded about 1 second for film or 30 seconds for paper, one must compensate for the breakdown in linear response of the film/paper to intensity of illumination by using longer exposures. Other special features can be built into pinhole cameras such as the ability to take double images, by using multiple pinholes, or the ability to take pictures in cylindrical or spherical perspective by curving the film plane. These characteristics could be used for creative purposes. Once considered as an obsolete technique from the early days of photography, pinhole photography is from time to time a trend in artistic photography. Related cameras, image forming devices, or developments from it include Frankes wide field pinhole camera, the pin speck camera, and the pinhead mirror. NASA (via the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts) has funded initial research into theNew Worlds Mission project, which proposes to use a pinhole camera with a diameter of 10 m and focus length of 200,000 km to image earth sized planets in other star systems. A non-focusing coded-aperture optical system may be thought of as multiple pinhole cameras in conjunction. By adding pinholes, light throughput and thus sensitivity are increased. However, multiple images are formed, usually requiring computer deconvolution.

Causes of Dyslexia

Causes of Dyslexia Possible Causes of Dyslexia Dyslexia is a learning disability that causes reading and language difficulties, in terms of spoken or written. Today, there are many researches actively taking place regarding the fundamental causes of dyslexia (Temple, 2002; Ramus 2001; 2003) and a number of possibilities are beginning to emerge but the specific cause is yet to be discovered. However, there are several theories proposed by specialist doctors and researchers and also some evidence which can help in clarifying the origin of this condition and they believed that these are the possible causes which are genetic inheritance, neurological differences, phonological disorder and last but not least, hearing problem. Genetic Inheritance Dyslexia is inherited in families, and is often accompanied by left-handedness which believed by most of the researchers. However, it also cannot be generalized that all dyslexic parent will have a dyslexic child or a left-handed child will have dyslexia, yet according to them, it can identified that between a third and a half of children who have learning difficulties’ history and more than half who have a family member who is left-handed are dyslexic people. That inherited genes run in the family have a defect that will cause a problem with the development of a particular kind of nerve cell in the brain. The defects in that genes which associated with problems in reading performance are known as DCDC2. It was found by a team at the Yale School of Medicine which also reported that this defective gene appears to interact with KIAA0319, a second dyslexia gene. In the journal Dyslexia, Dutch scientists reported that dyslexia is a highly heritable learning disorder that has a complex genetic architecture. They also added that they can identified several candidate genes which related to the reading performance that may contribute to dyslexia susceptibility. Fortunately, there are many researches are carried out in the recent years due to the advancement of technology in brain-scanning. With that, they are able to examine and compare the brain of dyslexic and non-dyslexic children. For comparison, the researchers have detected that bunch of cells are found beneath the surface of dyslexic children’s brain which lie on the surface in the brain of non-dyslexic children. These cells are supposedly moving when the brain was developing in the foetus which is to the surface of the brain but they failed and these defected cells are known as ectopic cells (like an ectopic pregnancy, where the egg fails to reach the womb and is fertilized in the Fallopian tube). They can be found mostly in the front and left area of the brain which are very important for reading and writing ability. Besides that, they also traced that an area of the brain named magno-cellular system is smaller where it deals with the ability to see moving images. Due to thi s, dyslexic children will have difficulties in reading process, where the brain has to interpret the different letters and words at a faster rate as they scan words and sentences with their eyes. Neurological Differences Neurological or brain differences is the cause of dyslexia where right hemisphere of the brain is larger than non-dyslexic children and they are having strong activity in the right side of their brain. Due to that, dyslexic children are always known to have significant strengths in areas which controlled by the right side of the brain such as musical talent, artistic, athletic and many more. Because of that, they are engaging this area frequently while performing language tasks. However, language tasks are known to be most efficiently performed in the left side of the brain. These differences lead to dyslexia which consists of structural and functional brain differences. Firstly, in structural, the brain is made up mainly of two types of material which are gray matter and white matter. Gray matter can be found at the lower part of the brain whereas white matter is within the deeper parts of the brain. Gray and white matter are composed of nerve cells and connective fibers covered in myelin, the coating designed to facilitate communication between nerves respectively. The primary function of gray matter is processing information while white matter is responsible for transferring information around the brain. According to Booth and Burman (2001), they found that children with dyslexia have less gray matter in the left parietotemporal area than non-dyslexic individuals. This could lead to problems processing of the sound structure of language (phonological awareness). Furthermore, it can be said that dyslexic children who have less white matter in this same area, which is important as more white matter is correlated with increased reading skill (Deutsch, Dougherty, Bammer, Siok, Gabrieli, Wandell, 2005). If the white matter is less, the ability or efficiency of the regions of the brain to communicate with one another is less as well. In functional brain differences, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is known as a method that measures physiological signs of neural activation using a strong magnet to pinpoint blood flow. This technique is called functional because participants perform tasks while in (or under) the magnet, allowing measurement of the functioning brain rather than the activity of the brain at rest. Several studies using functional imaging techniques that compared the brain activation patterns of readers with and without dyslexia show potentially important patterns of differences. For example, a research is carried out by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Boston Childrens’ Hospital where 40 children had their brains’ scanned using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). They also had their pre-reading skills assessed. The children are at the age where they are the beginners in reading process. The brain scans were looking at the arcuate fasciculus (a junction that connects the areas of the brain responsible for written and spoken language). From the study, it can be identified that the more robust this brain section in children, the more likely they are to perform well on the pre-reading test of phonological awareness. Phonological Disorder Usually, for regular children, they have the ability to understand spoken language which can be acquired easily and naturally from a very early age. Regular children are able to recognize the letters that make up a word, and then use them to identify the phonemes, and put them together to make sense of the word in terms of reading and writing. However, according to theNational Health Service, reading and writing is difficult for dyslexic children because of phonological processing impairment. They have troubles in recognizing phonemes and therefore, they have to struggle in order to connect the sound and the letter symbol for that sound and also to blend sounds into words. It is most prominent in their native languages with a great deal of irregularity of spelling, such as Malay, English and others. For example, the word ‘dog’ can be broken down into three phonemes. This is, of course, a three letter word made up of three phonemes. However the word ‘read’ is a four letter word that only has three phonemes. This creates confusion when dealing with the smallest units of speech sound (phonemes). Moreover, dyslexic children mostly have poor short term verbal memory which is a very common cognitive difficulty. Usually, regular children use verbal memory to blend sounds in words together when reading them for the first time. This is why an inability to read non-words (made up words) is one of the strongest signs of phonological dyslexia. Problems with short term verbal memory naturally lead to difficulties with long-term verbal memory. For example, dyslexics may often forget the names of people they have met before or the words that they learned in two days before. This shown that short-term memory also influences their phonological processing. Besides that, it can be seen that for a children with dyslexia, it takes them a lot of time to sound out a word. They are typically have trouble in spelling and expressing themselves in writing and even speaking. The phonological disorder theory is one of explanation for possible cause of dyslexia. The fact that the majority of dyslexic children have problems with verbal short term memory adds weight to the theory of phonological disorder. Indeed, they are struggling in phonological processing. Hearing Problem Hearing problem is one of the least possible causes of dyslexia. The researchers believed that if a child suffers frequent colds and throat infections during their early age, range from 1 to 5 year, the ears will be blocked from time to time and eventually it leads to hearing problem. This condition is known as glue ear or conductive hearing loss. The parents of the child should take this into account as it will affect the developing brain that links the sound it hears. At this point, the learning of sounds and words are essential in developing their ability to handle and link the sound to language and text as well. If they cannot hear clearly, they will be unable to hear the difference between words like pin and thin, or fan and van. The lack of clear hearing will also delay the childs phonemic awareness the ability to hear that words are made up of smaller sounds and syllables, like c-a-t, or in-ter-est-ing. Therefore, to be safe, a corrective action should be taken at a very early age to prevent the phonemic problem of their children as it causes lifelong difficulties which may lead to dyslexia. Conclusion In this research study, it can be concluded that working memory skills affect dyslexic children in terms of reading, writing and spelling as there is research that stated children who have problem in reading may have severe working memory deficits. They are unable to store the informations for a long time but for dyslexic children, they may forget about it the next day. However, teaching methods or strategies are employed by the educator in Pacific Speech Therapy and Learning Centre in order to attract their attentions such as playing games, reading from books, guessing based on pictures, constructing sentences and recognizing syllables. The children are also taught individually which is between the teacher and the student only. The instructions for students with learning differences are to be explicit, systematic, structured and multisensory. There are many researches carried out by specialist doctors and researchers regarding dyslexia which lead to possible causes of dyslexia. There are four possible causes where they believed that these are the famous and found by most of the researchers which are genetic inheritance, neurological differences, phonological disorder and last but not least, hearing problem. These are connected to each other as the genetic inheritance are the root of the cause as it plays an important role of brain development and it goes on and on to hearing problem which is certainly true. However, the specific cause is yet to be discovered and still remains unclear. Regarding to the effects of dyslexia, it may varies according to the severity of dyslexia and success of the therapy followed by them. There is no cure for dyslexia as it is a specific learning disorder which need supports from educational institutes to improve on their reading, learning and spelling skills, it can be done in a special educations lessons and with the right and appropriate therapeutic methods bound with differences of each dyslexic individual, the difficulties faced by them can be reduced. References Kaufman, Lorna N., PH.D., and Pamela Hook, PH.D.,The Dyslexia Puzzle: Putting The Pieces Together, Newton, Mass. International Dyslexia Society, New England branch, 1998. Carrion-Castillo, A., Franke, B. and Fisher, S. E. (2013), Molecular Genetics of Dyslexia: An Overview. Dyslexia, 19:214–240. Snowling, M. J. (2000).Dyslexia. Blackwell Publishing. http://www.solasbt7.com/Causes-of-Dyslexia-6809.html Appendix Figure 1 Figure 2

Anna Pavlova And The Dying Swan Drama Essay

Anna Pavlova And The Dying Swan Drama Essay A couple years ago I used to think that ballet was boring. I did not understand ballet as an art and did not recognize its classical and modern types. Dances like hip-hop, samba, rumba, cha-cha, tango, and disco appealed to me more. Once I tried ballet myself in the U.S., I realized that most of the great dancers learned ballet for a lengthy amount of time. I decided to take ballet classes and after a year I realized that ballet brings me indescribable joy and appeasement. I became interested in learning more about ballet itself and its famous dancers. One of such a dancer was Anna Pavlova, whose life story I am determined to tell. It is important to note Anna Pavlovas childhood and early ballet career in Russia, her debut in The Dying Swan, emigration to Europe, performances around the world, marriage, and death. Childhood and early career: Anna Pavlova was born in St. Petersburg, Russia on a cold winter day of February 12, 1881. According to a New York Times article, when Anna was eight years old, her mother took her to a performance of The Sleeping Beauty. There, Anna experienced an epiphany, a baptism by ballet. From that day she knew, ballet was her future. At the age of ten, Anna Pavlova was admitted to the Imperial School of Ballet. Shortly after her acceptance to the Imperial School of Ballet, the exceptional gift of dancing was noticed in Anna Pavlova (Kent, 1996). At that time ballet was considered a court luxury and was one of the favorite entertainments of the late Czar. He would often visit the school to admire the little dancers, talking to them and sometimes telling jokes (Anna Pavlova Diesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦,1996). In 1902 after her graduation from the Imperial School of Ballet, Anna Pavlova joined the Maryinsky Theater as a second soloist, and in the following year was promoted to a first soloist (The Legendary, n.d.). Alexander Pleshcheyev, an author of the book Our Ballet where he studied Petersburg Imperial Ballet Company, wrote about Anna Pavlova: I recall the frail, slender, tall and lithe figure of a young, shy girl, with confused, deep eyes, in a dress of cornflower blue with a white pelerine and black pinafore -on holidays a white pinafore but always with a quite starched skirt for magnificence . .. This was the student of the Imperial Theater School in Petersburg Anya . . . Annushka (as her friends called her) Pavlova, whose appearance was awaited on the stage of the Maryinsky Theater, where she was known on affiches as Pavlova II Timid, trembling, lovely, like a wildflower, Pavlova II as a dancer just beginning subdued the public with her grace and tenderness. One sensed no physical exertion in her, and in those days, after the triumph on the Russian stage of Italian technical subtleties, every artist who appeared on stage was evaluated above all on technical abilities. Anna Pavlova had a favorite teacher and a mentor that was Enrico Cecchetti, an Italian dancer and a teacher who immigrated to St. Petersburg in his early age. Cecchetti taught at the Imperial School of Ballet from 1887 to 1902. In 1905 he established a school in St. Petersburg where he coached Anna Pavlova exclusively from 1907 to 1909 (Cecchetti, the teacher, n.d.). With Cecchettis help, Anna Pavlova was promoted to ballerina in 1905, and prima ballerina in 1906 (The Legendary, n.d.). The Dying Swan: In 1905 Anna Pavlova, already a prominent ballerina, received an offer from a choreographer Michael Fokine to take the leading part in the ballet The Dying Swan to music by Saint-Saens. Later The Dying Swan became her signature solo performance and a swan symbolized with her as a personal emblem (Kent, 1996). The author, Allegra Kent, in her article argued that a woman imitating a swan is an absurd idea since the body parts do not match and the bird can be graceful only when it swims. The black and webbed swans feet, with its shaky movements do not resemble the graceful and aesthetic motions of Anna Pavlova during The Dying Swan. Kent wrote that The Dying Swan was not about a woman impersonating a swan, instead it was about the fragility of life and the passion humans possess to hold on to it. Emigration to Europe and travels: In 1907 Anna Pavlovas performances were seen abroad and in 1909 she danced in Diaghilevs famous first Russian season in Paris, France where Pavlova danced with Vaslav Nijinsky (Kent, 1996). Since then, Anna was honored to dance before Emperor Franz Josef of Austria, King Alfonso of Spain, Emperor Wilhelm of Germany, and the Queen of the Belgium (Anna Pavlova Diesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 1996). In 1910 upon Anna Pavlovas return to Russia from her first American tour she was summoned to the royal box by the late Czar Nicholas to congratulate her. In one of the chronicles Anna Pavlova quoted the Czar telling her: I so much regret that despite all I hear about your wonderful swan dance I have never seen it. Yet I am called one of the absolute monarchs(Anna Pavlova Diesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, 1996). Anna performed throughout North and South America during the days of World War I. Her passion to dance and travel eventually brought Anna to Japan and India. In 1927 Anna went on another tour to the Scandinavian capitals, where King Christian presented her with a gold medal after seeing her performance in Copenhagen (Anna Pavlova Diesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦,1996). Circling around the world with her company, Anna Pavlova covered 350 000 miles and hence was named the most traveled of all artists at that time (Anna Pavlova Diesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, 1996). As time passed from her first debut Anna Pavlovas repertoire grew and was influenced by foreign cultures and new styles of dance. Such influences were new choreographies and changes in classical ballet technique; for example the changes brought by Isadora Duncan, a rebel-dancer who initiated the creation of modern dance. However, Anna remained a more conservative classical dancer: in her companys repertoire she kept ballet classics as Giselle and Sleeping Beauty. Anna had two popular signature pieces in her career; they were Bacchanale and The Swan (The Legendaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦,n.d.). Her Private Life and Marriage: In 1912 Anna Pavlova bought an expensive house in London, which bore the name Ivy House, where there was a pond and a garden. Since the dancer was fascinated by feathers and was fond of watching birds, Anna decided to have pet swans in her pool. Watching them, she believed, helped her to improve the mastery of her swan dance (Kent, 1996). During her last American tour in 1924-1925, Anna Pavlova announced her marriage with Victore dAndre, her accompanist. She commented on her marriage the following way: For an artist there is no husband. Pavlova the artist and Pavlova the wife, they are two very different persons, so I keep them separate. My dancing belongs to the world, but my husband to myself (Anna Pavlova Diesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦,1996). Soviet Russia: During the Soviet time, Anna Pavlova was helping dancers in Soviet Russia by sending them financial aid. For 10 years Anna had been supporting dancers in London and Marianski Theater of Ballet in Leningrad by sending them an annual financial aid of $500. In 1929 this information became known to the Bolsheviks. The small unofficial committee of three that managed the funds from Anna Pavlova was reprimanded for accepting aid from the emigrant dancer, a darling of wicked capitalist audiences in Europe and America (Anna Pavlova Dies, 1996). Death: Anna Pavlovas death came suddenly. It was January 1931 when Anna took a three week vacation at Christmas to spend time with her family. At the end of her vacation Anna took a train to return to her work at the Hague. There was an accident that happened on the way, so Annas train had to stop. Curious of what happened, Anna Pavlova wearing a light coat on top of silk pajamas stepped off the train into the snow. Shortly thereafter, Anna came down with double pneumonia (Kent, 1996). Two Dutch physicians and her own Russian doctor, Professor Valerski, fought to save the life of a great ballet dancer. The doctors performed an emergency operation to remove excess fluid from Anna Pavlovas lungs. After the operation, the dancer was treated with Pasteur vaccine; however it was too late to cure Anna. Anna Pavlova died at 12:30 in the morning on January 23rd, 1931 (Anna Pavlova Diesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦,1996). As Anna Pavlova was dying her last wish was to prepare her swan costume. The following eveni ng when her company performed The Dying Swan, when it was Annas part, the curtain opened to an empty stage. Conclusion: In conclusion, Anna Pavlova the Russian ballet legend, from a very young age was almost destined to be a great dancer. When she was a very small girl she took an interest to ballet. At a very young age Anna was accepted to the prestigious imperial school of ballet. After being accepted to the imperial school of ballet, Anna quickly showed uncanny skill at the art of dance. Anna quickly reached the rank of ballerina and one year later to prima ballerina. As a ballerina, Anna was offered the chance to perform The Dying Swan with the choreographer Michael Fokine. In 1909, Anna Pavlova began performing abroad and travelled to many parts of the world performing in front of emperors, kings, queens, and Czars. Everywhere Pavlova went she was complemented by the noble elite she met. During the First World War, Anna performed her renowned plays in North and South America. Anna Pavlova was a highly classical dancer and stuck to the ideals of classical ballet even after the advent of modern dan ce. Later in 1912, Anna decided to buy an expensive house in London named Ivy House. Anna was so absorbed by swans that she had a few pet swans at her home. However, Anna Pavlova was not only a great dancer, she was a philanthropist, she donated money to the Marianski school of theater in Leningrad. She sent financial aid to students of dance like herself back in Russia. At the time of Anna Pavlovas death, she was known from America to Asia and not merely famous, but infamous. She was a great dancer with a tragic end of life story. She was best known for her dance The Dying Swan, where she imitated the swans movements more gracefully than any other dancer of her time. Although Anna Pavlova was honored to meet many famous people, all the people she met greeted her as a legendary dancer.

Mercury :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As you may already know Mercury is the first planet . Which makes it the closest to the sun. It is 57,900,000km ( 36,000,000mi.) Because Mercury is so close to the sun it has extreme temperature differences. Mercury’s surface temperatures range from -180*C to 450*C (-290*F to 840*F). Temperatures that hot can melt iron, and other metals. The dramatic temperature difference on Mercury are not only because it is so close to the sun but, also by Mercury’s surface features. The places that are the coldest on Mercury and at the bottom of the craters and basins. The hottest are the places closest to the sun. The temperature of the side that is farthest away from the sun is allot warmer than scientists thought it would be. Not a whole side but parts of Mercury have never been in sunlight before. This is why scientists thought it would be colder than it really was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mercury’s surface is much like the moon, they are very colse to being the same size. It has many craters, high multiple ring basins, and many lava flows. They have their similarities and differences. Mercury’s diameter is 4,900 miles wide. Mercury’s largest feature is the Caloris Basin. The Caloris basin is 1,300 Km (800 MI). in diameter. The Caloris Basins floor is full of cliffs and ridges. As you progress to the bottom the cliffs and ledges increase in size. The Caloris Basin was created when it was bombarded with meteorites. The Caloris basin was created by a meteorite that could of been up to 100 km. When the large meteorite hit Mercury it sent shocks through it which produced jumbled hills on the opposite side of Mercury. This process as known as The Caloris Impact. The lava flowed into craters and basins which filled holes and cracks that smoothed out their floors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Like Earth, Mercury has 3 main layers. The Earth’s being the crust, mantle, and core. Earth’s core is made up of molten rock AKA lava. Liquid cores create a magnetic field. Mercury’s three layers are a rocky silicate crust, solid rocky silicate mantle, and a hot liquid iorn-nickle core. The core makes up 75% of its diameter. Scientists did not think that is was possible for the core to be liquid because over the years mercury’s rotation has slowed down dramatically. They thought that it would of been hardened by now. Planets that have a magnetic field that are generated by the rotation of a conductive molten core such as that of Earth and mercury are known as â€Å"The Dynamo Effect†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mercury’s rotation period is 59 earth days long. Mercury :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As you may already know Mercury is the first planet . Which makes it the closest to the sun. It is 57,900,000km ( 36,000,000mi.) Because Mercury is so close to the sun it has extreme temperature differences. Mercury’s surface temperatures range from -180*C to 450*C (-290*F to 840*F). Temperatures that hot can melt iron, and other metals. The dramatic temperature difference on Mercury are not only because it is so close to the sun but, also by Mercury’s surface features. The places that are the coldest on Mercury and at the bottom of the craters and basins. The hottest are the places closest to the sun. The temperature of the side that is farthest away from the sun is allot warmer than scientists thought it would be. Not a whole side but parts of Mercury have never been in sunlight before. This is why scientists thought it would be colder than it really was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mercury’s surface is much like the moon, they are very colse to being the same size. It has many craters, high multiple ring basins, and many lava flows. They have their similarities and differences. Mercury’s diameter is 4,900 miles wide. Mercury’s largest feature is the Caloris Basin. The Caloris basin is 1,300 Km (800 MI). in diameter. The Caloris Basins floor is full of cliffs and ridges. As you progress to the bottom the cliffs and ledges increase in size. The Caloris Basin was created when it was bombarded with meteorites. The Caloris basin was created by a meteorite that could of been up to 100 km. When the large meteorite hit Mercury it sent shocks through it which produced jumbled hills on the opposite side of Mercury. This process as known as The Caloris Impact. The lava flowed into craters and basins which filled holes and cracks that smoothed out their floors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Like Earth, Mercury has 3 main layers. The Earth’s being the crust, mantle, and core. Earth’s core is made up of molten rock AKA lava. Liquid cores create a magnetic field. Mercury’s three layers are a rocky silicate crust, solid rocky silicate mantle, and a hot liquid iorn-nickle core. The core makes up 75% of its diameter. Scientists did not think that is was possible for the core to be liquid because over the years mercury’s rotation has slowed down dramatically. They thought that it would of been hardened by now. Planets that have a magnetic field that are generated by the rotation of a conductive molten core such as that of Earth and mercury are known as â€Å"The Dynamo Effect†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mercury’s rotation period is 59 earth days long.

The Terrorist Threat Essay -- Analysis, Ulrich Beck

The paper â€Å"The Terrorists Threat World Risk Society Revisited† written by Ulrich Beck, the author analyses how risk has changed overtime and he focuses on the idea of new risk, and that is world risk. Ulrich Beck breaks down this idea of world risk into three different types, spatial, temporal and social. As well, he also names three different types of conflict, he discusses the effects of risk on the center and the periphery and he examines the use of language. In this essay the main focus will be on how the main points of Ulrich Beck can all relate to the three different types of risk otherwise known as the de-bounding of risk. Also, I will look at how the de-bounding of risk has dissolved the idea of nation-states. One of the many ideas of risk in this topic is that risk has become de-bounded. Beck explains this by saying that risk is not the fact that life is becoming more dangerous, but the fact that the types of risks have changed (Beck 2). The de-bounding of risk means that risks have surpassed their territorial limits; they are not longer restricted by time and space boundaries. Beck argues that there are three new types of risk that emphasize this de-bounding. The first is called spatial, spatial risk refers to the fact that new risks in society are not staying within traditional boundaries; those are the boundaries of the states (Beck 2). The next type is temporal, this category of risk means that new risk does not have time restrictions, the consequences of a risk can last longer then we are able to communicate them (2). Lastly there is the social risk, the social risk no longer has one central cause, and you can no longer blame one person or society for that problem (3). Beck goes on to describe â€Å"[the de-bounding ... ... argument is too centered on America; this is because he is talking about dealing with the risks as a united world but he seems to be claiming America will be the center. His most compelling idea is the issue of the de-bounding risk. This is important because all of his other main points can be put into the three categories that he sets out for risk, spatial, temporal and de-bounding. The de-bounding of risk is also the reason for why states are slowly starting to focus more on risks and the world rather then risks and their society. In this essay I summarized Beck’s main points then examined how they could be categorized by the aspects of de-bounding as well, I also examined Beck’s idea of the nation-state disappearing. Overall Beck’s argument is one that should be taken into consideration when understanding where modernization is taking the future of the world.

Plato and Augustine’s Conceptions of Happiness Essay -- Philosophy Essa

Both Plato and Augustine offer unusual conceptions of what one must acquire to live a truly happy life. While the conventional view of happiness normally pertains to wealth, financial stability, and material possessions, Plato and Augustine suggest that true happiness is rooted in something independent of objects or people. Though dissimilar in their notions of that actual root, each respective philosophy views the attaining of that happiness as a path, a direction. Plato’s philosophy revolves around the attainment of eternal knowledge and achieving a metaphysical balance. Augustine also emphasizes one’s knowing the eternal, though his focus is upon living in humility before God. Both assert that human beings possess a natural desire for true happiness, and it is only through a path to something interminable that they will satisfy this desire. In his several dialogues, Plato contends the importance of the four virtues: wisdom, courage, self-control, and justice. In The Republic, he describes a top-down hierarchy that correlates to the aspects of one’s soul. Wisdom, courage, and temperance preside control over the rational, spirited, and appetitive aspects of the soul. It is when one maintains a balance between these aspects of his soul that he attains peace within himself: â€Å"...And when he has bound together the three principles within him...he proceeds to act...always thinking and calling that which preserves and cooperates with this harmonious condition (Plato 443c).† Wisdom and knowledge consistently remain at the top of his view of happiness. During the apology, Plato is asked what punishment is best suited for him. He sarcastically answers, â€Å"to be fed...(It is) much more suitable than for any one who has won a v... ...ath is led by humility, directing one toward a better understanding of God. Perhaps it is not important, however, which source, if either, is the correct root of happiness, but merely that one’s source stretches beyond the margins of what is temporal. Works Cited: Augustine, Aurelius. Confessions. 400. Trans. Henry Chadwick Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. Kant, Immanuel. An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? Online Essays Appropriate to Foucoult. 1997. 3 April 2001. Available URL: http://www.csun/edu/~hfspc002/ fouc.essay.html Plato. Five Dialogues. Trans. G.M.A. Grube Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1981. Plato. The Republic. Exploring Plato’s dialogues 28 March 2001. Available URL: http://trill.cis.fordham.edu /~gsas/philosophy/quotedpassage.htm

Business Strategy As The Direction For Organisations Business Essay

Scheme is the way and range of an administration over a long term. Strategy is a better manner of using the resources of the concern, run intoing the demands of the market, carry throughing the demands of the interest holders taking the concern in an effectual and profitable manner. Strategy is a long term program of action which is designed to accomplish a peculiar end or set of ends. It will be best described as a direction program in order to accomplish the coveted ends. Business scheme is a long term attack to implement the programs for concern in order to accomplish the concern aim. It is concerned more with how a concern competes successfully in a peculiar market.How scheme can be constructed and carried out efficaciously, even by little concern: –Nowadays harmonizing to many companies many little concern houses face the world of planetary competition. Harmonizing to many companies reconstituting themselves helps them to confront competition in the universe markets. After carry oning organisational reappraisals over 100 concern associations and with the experience 18 old ages in the undertaking direction, i realise all the organisations attempts to implement their operations efficaciously. Harmonizing to a survey in 2004 ( little concern disposal ) 580900 little concern little houses opened in 2005 576200 stopping point, SBA states that 67 % of the new companies were able to last for at least 2 old ages, staying 44 % of the companies surviv e for at least 4 old ages.Four of import factors for competitory advantages: –1. Vision 2. Basic accomplishments 3. Strategy believing 4. Conjuction with staffVision: –It is an of import factor for a company to go on it on the path. Harmonizing to the analysis made by James Kouzes and Barry Posner, writers of the leading challange, on more than 60000 caputs of the organisation, they stated that the leaders who are effectual should animate a shared vision. A leader has to back up a clear vision in his leading of the organisation. Now yearss many of the directors are busy with the present jobs and missing clip for edifice of vision. This makes both employees and organisation to be left unfastened, with a shared vision little concerns gain a competitory advantage. Harmonizing to critics vision is the critical factor to keep success for little concerns. Vision is referred as sing the national resources in to the physical bounds. A leader who is effectual for a little concern should animate his squad with a vision which is familiar to carry through their demands.Core competences: –Basic accomplishments of t he director should be clarified with workers altering yesteryear. In the average clip of restructuring, and organisation as to keep it core mission. Large companies calculating the market which will be quickly spread outing, which makes their employees confuse because the contradictions and uncertainnesss. Companies which attempts to make things that are beyond their organisational capacity, which makes them to confront the failure. Many companies which are seeking to vie with planetary competition are losing their basic accomplishments in the market. Harmonizing to Ck prahlad, writer of viing for the hereafter states that directors do non finish their undertakings to vie with rapid market alterations. He states that reconstituting initiative his defines as a dead terminal, reengineering removes unneeded work and better the advantage of procedures as it is defines as the social ends like client satisfaction or entire quality directed enterprise.Strategic Thinking: –Employees wanted their leaders to be important in the market and competition which is valid in the industry. The tremendous alteration which is demographic the twenty-first century U.S work force has created the person concern which made the organisation non to alter their paradigms. Companies which are the best think strategically and work in dual. Watts Wacker, Jim Taylor, Howard Means, writer of airy ushers as warned that we are in go forthing in epoch where the single ability enforce their ain hereafter. Many of the companies pursue planning, where as few organisations are suitably busy with the strategic thought. It is defined as a competitory betterment for little concerns in the market. Strategic thought is defined as a careful planning in an organisation. The two chief constituents of the strategic thought were cognition of the present and point of view for the hereafter. This is called as dichotomy by the organisational schemes. Duality is followed by many of the successful companies on a regular basis. Most of the little concerns are clients of today or tomorrow sing for the hereafter effects. Features of a strategic thought which is effectual chiefly focus on keeping an attack which is long standing to appreciate the effects which are flexible. Strategic planning and vision works together, as a appropriate planning of the bases and the causes for determining the path of an organisation.Associating to employee: –The importance of associating with a culturally diverse work force can be understood by the organisational leaders who are effectual. On many occasions phrase of new engineering concerns were devalued by workers in the procedures. Follows of the mechanical parts for accomplishing the organisational aims should be sing by the leaders.Jeeffrey pfeffer writer of the human equation accepts that success of an organisation depends upon straight to the execution. Currently emergent of work force crosses the gender age race and geographics. For the firs t clip in the American history employees must cover with 4 coevalss of work. The leading manner which can be effectual for freshly upcoming employees fails with the employee coevals X.In little concern house ‘s leader who is effectual as to keep good relationship with his employers.Future waies: –Ignoring world-wide imperativeness and front line competitions little concern houses can accomplish success with the right approach.21st century offers the challenges for the human resources such as practical organisations, outsourcing and fiscal restraints of budgets in many federal bureaus. Small concern houses have 5 of import cardinal factors such as vision ends, strategic thought, basic accomplishments and linking with employees. Such jobs can be utilised as an chance for little houses to increase the rate of success. These methods are logical, practical procedure provide for the creative activity, growing and guarantee a successful little concern. Different types of positions theoretical accounts and attacks or utilised in the strategic planning. Way of developing a strategic program chiefly depends on the nature of the organisation leading, size of the organisation, civilization of the organisations, complexness of the organisation environment, expertness of contrivers etc. There are different types of strategic planning theoretical accounts which includes ends based, issues based, organic, scenario etc. The most common of the strategic planning modal is goals base planning. It chiefly focus on the vision of the organisations, schemes to accomplish the ends to work towards the machine. Issues based strategic be aftering theoretical account chiefly examines the issues which are faced by the organisation, schemes to mention those issues and action programs. Organic strategic planning starts by jointing the vision and values of the organisations and so the needed programs to make the vision while keeping to those values. Some co ntrivers chiefly prefer a peculiar attack to be aftering for illustration appreciative question. Some programs are design to one twelvemonth some to three old ages some to five to ten old ages in the hereafter. But many of the programs include merely top degree information but no action programs are available where as some programs are 5 to 8 pages long. Strategic be aftering procedure his agenda depending upon the nature of the organisation, demands of the organisations and so its external environments. Strategic planning should be followed often in an organisation. Planing might be carried out one time or twice country in a comprehensive and elaborate manner. If the organisation has been established for many old ages and has a stable place in the market topographic point so be aftering can be carried out one time a twelvemonth.Following usher lines are considered strategic planning 1. Strategic planning should be done in the initial phase of organisation when it is started. 2. Strategic planning should besides be done when developing a new division, section are presenting a major new merchandise. 3. Action programs should be updated every twelvemonth 4. Advancement of the execution of a strategic program should be supervised on a quarterly footing by the board. There are different procedures served by the strategic planning in an organisation. Purpose of the organisation should be clearly defined to set up ends and aims in a define clip frame within the capacity of the organisation for implementing. Those ends and aims are pass oning to the components of the organisation and sense of honor ship over the program has been developed.Resources of the organisation are efficaciously use by concentrating on the cardinal precedences. Advancement can be measured and mechanism is established to inform the alteration when needed. There are many other grounds which include the strategic planning helping and organisations. Strategic be aftering provides clear focal point of organisation and helps in bettering its efficiency and effectivity it besides bridges staff and board of managers increasing productiveness from addition efficiency and effectivity. It besides helps in work outing major jobs.The value of utilizing cardinal analytical tools to assist in the strategy-making procedure: –Many tools are included in the scheme doing procedure. Many analytical tools are developed to help the organisation with the planning processes, nonprofitable organisational these tools modifying the inquiries and standards with their ain particular services and markets.Environmental scan: –It is performed to garner informations to happen out replies inquiries about the present and future territory ‘s common perceptual experience is developed and it identifies strengths, failings tendencies and conditions. En vironmental scans is a key for ongoing procedure for internal and external honestness and openness to altering status. There are many attacks to environmental scanning which includes service, inquirers, focal point groups and unfastened forums.SWOT analysis: –SWOT analysis is another tool used for scheme procedure. It is one of the strategic planning methods which is used to measure strengths, weeknesses, chances and menaces which are involved in a undertaking. SWOT analysis chiefly indicates the nonsubjective if a concern venture are a undertaking which helps in placing the internal and external factors which are favorable and which are non favorable to accomplish that aim. A SWOT analysis starts with a specifying a terminal province or objective it may be included in to the strategic planning theoretical account. Strengths: – Feature of a individual or a company which helps in accomplishing the aim. Failings: – Feature of the individual or a company which are harmful to accomplish the aim. Opportunities: – External conditions which are helpful to carry throughing the aim. Menaces: – External conditions which may do harm to the aim. Identifying SWOT ‘s is indispensable is of import because alternate stairss in the procedure of be aftering to accomplish the selected aim can be derived from the SWOT ‘s. Main purpose of any SWOT analysis is categorising the of import internal and external factors which play a cardinal function in finishing the aim. SWOT analysis is a aggregation of of import information is classified into two chief classs. Internal factors: – Internal strengths and failings of the organisation. External factors: – Opportunities and menaces which are subjected to the external environment organisation. Strengths and failings can be considered as the internal factors of the organisations depending on their force on the organisation aim. When strength is considered with regard to an nonsubjective it may go failings another aim. External factors may include macroeconomic affairs, technological alterations and societal cultural alterations including alterations in the market and competitory place. SWOT analysis is one of the methods of distinction with its ain failings. Importance of the single SWOTs will be exposed by the value scheme generates.Undertaking 2As per the instance survey, MIB is a little graduated table concern which proved to be successful when it was started. Cynthia had started her concern on the strength of a individual inspiration as mentioned. She stated that she did non get down her concern with a long term program. Her vision was non strong plenty. Even though in 2001, gross revenues had exceeded $ 2.3 million, which was an addition of 12 per centum, the gross rev enues were non the same in recent times. Cynthia was really much concerned about the fiscal figures. She stated that she would be interested in following new methods of gross revenues by taking the thoughts and concerns of other people in the company. Cynthia had long been the exclusive drive force behind MIB. In the 1980s, there were few makers of ace size vesture. Cynthia was really good cognizant about the defeat of big adult females whose picks were limited.She believed fat people, and particularly adult females, were oppressed and made suffering by a society that treated them as lazy. MIB offered a full line of vesture and accoutrements in four chief classs ; calling wear, insouciant athletic wear, formal wear and overclothes. Cynthia had long been the exclusive drive force behind MIB. In the 1980s, there were few makers of ace size vesture. Cynthia was really good cognizant about the defeat of big adult females whose picks were limited.She believed fat people, and particularly adult females, were oppressed and made suffering by a society that treated them as lazy. MIB offered a full line of vesture and accoutrements in four chief classs ; calling wear, insouciant athletic wear, formal wear and overclothes. The vision of MIB began on a trip up the California seashore. Cynthia stopped in a little used vesture shop and discovered a choice of drawstring army excess workss, which were 100 % cotton, inexpressive, and dyed in stylish coloring material. Cynthia ‘s retail concern, meanwhile, was booming without labour intensifier. The same gross revenues came easy but took excessively much clip in happening the right merchandise to direct. As per the Quarterly summery of all the units if MIB, we can cognize the reverse of the company. As coming to the point of the strength there are certain point that we can detect. MIB was started as a little graduated table concern with one adult male squad. It has been started as a retailed fabric shop and a became a client focused concern at all degrees supplying different types of apparels by the terminal of 2001. I would wish to categorise of the strengths and failings of the company based on below five precedences.Vision:Even though Cynthia started the company on her ain. Her chief inspiration had begun from when she was graduated from Sonoma State University. As she stated it was non plan to turn the company into a big graduated table industry. I think her vision was hapless. She stated that she learnt everything from telling, advertisement, advancing and covering with hard currency flow when she joined adult females ‘s book shop called Rising Women ‘s Books. It was merely the experience she gained from a book stored that enabled her to get down her ain concern. In 1980 she said there were really limited picks for the big adult females dressi ng. MIB offered a full line of vesture and accoutrements by the late 1990 ‘s.Cynthia knew from her ain experience that big adult females would love the insouciant manner, voguish colorss and blandishing tantrum. Womans of all sizes and forms bought these apparels but it was clearly the large adult females who benefited. As declared Cynthia was the lone one behind the foundation of her concern. She was unsure of her end and tried to implement her thoughts merely with a short term program.2. Strategic planning:Cynthia started her concern with an initial sum of $ 4,500, but at this clip she did n't see herself as an enterpriser. As per her thoughts Making It Worth was an chance to unite her personal ends with the political beliefs. She stated that if equal vesture would lend to better self esteem it would so be worthy by giving a spell. Cynthia had no experience in set uping recognition. So, she started the concern merely with the sum what she had and with one other spouse Janet. She merely realised subsequently, that it would go a great beginning of income or net income as the competition was non much. Her programs were merely limited to her accomplishments and conceptually she was still lacked with indispensable accomplishments. She felt that turning a concern would necessitate different accomplishment set than get downing one. Planning was non perfect and she merely acted as per that state of affairs. Even though, the company has a good client focused service, with initial degrees of net incomes, it has seen a sudden autumn in their retail gross revenues. This can be because of improper planning of their work flows.3. Information thought ( accomplishments ) :As the concern was started merely by Cynthia, her accomplishment set was limited. She utilised all her accomplishments in taking the company from inexpensive frills to MIB but she stated that her accomplishment put entirely was non sufficient for MIB ‘s growing. In order to accomplish certain e nds or to take a company as big graduated table it is indispensable to hold different cognition sets, and different thoughts.As Cynthia was entirely while she started her concern she was sufficient with her accomplishment set and she established a manner for her ain concern. But, in order to develop the company and achieve the marks a company needs more skilled people in different classs of the concern development program.4. Staffing:Exhibit 6 provides a profile of distribution channels for adult females ‘s dress in the United States in 1997. Most retail merchants of big size vesture offered their goods through catalogs, and an increasing figure had set up web sites that created personal profiles for repetition clients. In 2002, there were over 2,000 makers of big size adult females ‘s vesture in the United States, and few of these lone offered vesture in supersize scope. In 2001, MIB employed five directors, a research and development squad of three members, three super visors and a squad of 10 workers. MIB is a really labour -intensive concern and everyone works exceptionally difficult, at all degrees. But as the gross revenues were falling down Cynthia started believing of taking more appropriate people for her concern. She thought that by implementing the new thoughts, the company would see some better alterations. Cynthia believed she needed â€Å" an experient direction squad to assist pull off the hazard that ‘s needed to acquire to the following degree. † It is really of import to any company to put right people at right degrees. This makes the company more progressive and helps to accomplish the marks. As we know when the selling programs does non work out, it proves to be more expensive and dejecting. Cynthia knew that, even with her 20 old ages of experience, she still lacked indispensable accomplishments.5. Future waies:Every Company has its future waies, like how it will be positioned in the market, what would be the end an d purpose of the company. MIB besides had its long term conventional program in order to run into the estimated marks. Once the bead in the gross revenues resulted Cynthia decided to use new squad members to back up her positions and aid in the growing of MIB. I want to categorise the strengths and failings of the concern with three things, people, client and finance.Strengthsaˆ? High quality direction It is really of import that we take right people for the right place. The Company ‘s growing is depended on the direction team. â€Å" How good they manage the concern that manner they get the consequences † . aˆ? Relatively stable, extremely committed Work force: As per the MIB direction squad, Cynthia was really much happy with her direction squad. She described the qualities of each individual, who were every bit talented in their corresponding Fieldss. MIB is a powerful retail trade name. It has a repute for value for money, convenience and a broad scope of merchandises all in one shop. MIB has grown well over recent old ages, and has experienced planetary enlargement for illustration its purchase of the United Kingdom based retail merchant ASDA. The company has a nucleus competency affecting its usage of information engineering to back up its international logistics system. A focussed scheme is in topographic point for human resource direction and development. Peoples are cardinal to MIB ‘s concern and it invests clip and money in developing people, and retaining a developing them. aˆ? Excellent quality in work force: It is really of import that each person works for the advancement of the company. Celebration of staff ‘s accomplishments: Low director to staff ratio Unique merchandise Location of your concern Patents, know-how, trade secrets Worker ‘s alone accomplishment set Corporate civilization, company image Quality of your merchandise Access to funding Operational efficiency Location of your concern Lack of quality and client service Poor selling and gross revenues Entree to resources Undifferentiated merchandises or servicesFailingsSince MIB sell merchandises across many sectors ( such as vesture, nutrient, or stationary ) , it may non hold the flexibleness of some of its more focussed rivals. Training on processs non accomplishments Absence from work Nerve-racking conditions Communicationss scheme Team Leaderships and Managers excessively stretchedOPPORTUNITIES THREATSaˆ? Finding a money strategian For any new investing aˆ? Improve choice techniques aˆ? Improve occupation flexiblenesss aˆ? Lack of staff in residential attention aˆ? Staff morale aˆ? Retention of societal workers aˆ? Stress for staff and Foster carers aˆ? Perception of occupation satisfaction deteriorating aˆ? Quality of societal work appliers cut downing aˆ? Keeping a qualified work force aˆ? Gender instability aˆ? Single position Opportunities and menaces are external value making ( or destructing ) factors a company can non command but emerge from either the competitory kineticss of the industry or market or from demographic, economic, political, proficient, societal, legal, or cultural factors. AnA opportunityA in the SWOT theoretical account could be for illustration: A new emerging or developing market ( niche merchandise, topographic point – new state, less competition ) Amalgamation, joint venture, or strategic confederation Market tendencies New engineerings Social alterations ( for illustration demographics ) New competition in the market, perchance with new merchandises or services Monetary value wars Economic conditions Political alterations Competitor oligopoly or monopoly Tax Handiness of resources.To take over, merge with, or organize strategic confederations with other planetary retail merchants, concentrating on specific markets such as Europe or the Greater China Region. The shops are presently merely trade in a comparatively little figure of states. Therefore there are enormous chances for future concern in spread outing consumer markets, such as China and India. New locations and shop types offer MIB chances to work market development. They diversified from big ace Centres, to local and mall-based sites. Opportunities exist for MIB to go on with its current scheme of big, ace Centres. Bing figure one means that you are the mark of competition, locally and globally. Bing a planetary retail merchant means that you are exposed to political jobs in theA states that you operate in. The cost of bring forthing many consumer merchandises tends to hold fallen because of lower fabrication costs. Manufacturing cost have fallen due to outsourcing to low-priced parts of the World. This has lead to monetary value competition, ensuing in monetary value deflation in some scopes. Intense monetary value competition is a menace.Undertaking 3As per the analysis from, there are certain things to be considered in order MIB achieve its marks. If we check the company ‘s retail net income it is apparent that there was a sudden autumn of gross revenues. From coevals to coevals gustatory sensations of clients would alter. Companies should internally upgrade their squad and engineerings in order to vie every bit with other administrations. I think that MIB was been a Owner Manager concern which could merely accommodate few betterments. In order to decide a company from retail shop to independent good honored administration we need certain things like Human Resources, Technology, Budget and Customers good will. I would wish to explicate each of the undermentioned briefly:Human resources:Right from the Cheap frills to MIB, Cynthia was the lone individual who took attention of the concern. Cynthia ‘s accomplishments and cognition helped her to set up the thought of MIB but they were non adequate to be an profitable company. In order to set up the company as big graduated table few things would turn out indispensable. Directors, Supervisors and Staff will turn out to be the of import portion of any administration. Giving chance to more skilled people at different degrees will assist the company grow. A determination devising squad would be necessary for the company in order to obtain a fast gait profitable gross revenues.Technology:When MIB was there were really few makers of supersize vesture and the per centum of purchasers were besides less in entire. As the coevalss move on engineering is upgrading a batch go forthing people more proficient and more accurate about their sentiments. I t is indispensable for any company like MIB to move consequently. Introducing different ways of advertisement like go forthing door to door catalogs, get offing and keeping information on web site helps the company to turn large.Budget:MIB was started as a really little company with really less budget. When Cynthia got an thought of widening a company she was non cognizant of the fiscal fortunes that she needs to face. In order to use new people in the company and to upgrade the engineering it is indispensable that one should raise more capital investing.