Apush Chapter 6 Outline Notes Essay

I. The urban FrontierBy 1890, New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia all had a population greater than 1 million. Louis Sullivan contributed to the development of the skyscraper. City limits were extended outbound by electric trolleys. lot were attracted to the cities by amenities such as electricity, indoor plumbing, and telephones. Trash became a large problem in cities payable to throwaway bottles, boxes, bags, and cans.II. The New ImmigrationThe New Immigrants of the 1880s came from Confederate and eastern Europe. They came from countries with little history of democratic government, where people had grown accustomed to tart living conditions. Some Americans feared that the New Immigrants would not assimilate to biography in their impudently rural area. They began asking if the nation had become a melting thunder mug or a dumping ground.III. Southern Europe UprootedImmigrants left their autochthonal countries because Europe had no room for them. The population of Europe n early treble in the century afterward 1800 due to abundant supplies of fish and jot from America and the widespread cultivation of Europe. America fever caught on in Europe as the United States was portrayed as a drink down of great opportunities. Persecutions of minorities in Europe sent many fleeing immigrants to the United States. numerous immigrants never intended to stay in America forever a large number returned foundation with money. Those immigrants who stayed in the United States struggled to preserve their conventional culture.IV. Reactions to the New ImmigrationThe federal government did virtually nothing to soothe the assimilation of immigrants into American society. Trading jobs and services for votes, a powerful top dog might claim the loyalty of thousands of followers. In return for their plump for at the polls, the boss provided jobs on the citys payroll, found housing for teenaged arrivals, and helped get shallows, parks, and hospitals built in immigran t neighborhoods. The nations social scruples gradually awakened to the troubles of cities. Walter Rauschenbusch and cap Gladden were Protestant clergymen who sought to prevail the lessons of Christianity to the slums and eventories.Jane Addams established Hull House, the most prominent American settlement house. Addams condemned fight as well as poverty. Hull House offered instruction in English, counseling to help immigrants deal with American big-city life, childcare services for works m another(prenominal)s, and cultural activities for neighborhood residents. Lillian Wald established Henry Street Settlement in New York in 1893.The settlement houses became centers of womens activism and of social reform. Florence Kelley was a long battler for the welfare of women, children, blacks, and consumers. The pioneering work of Addams, Wald, and Kelley helped to create the trail that many women subsequently followed into careers in the new profession of social work. The urban fronti er undetermined new possibilities for women. The vast majority of working women were single due to the fact that society considered employment for wives and mothers taboo.V. Narrowing the Welcome MatAnt foreignism, or nativism, arose in the 1880s with intensity. Nativists worried that the original Anglo-Saxon population would before long be outnumbered and outvoted. Nativists considered eastern and southern European immigrants inferior to themselves. They blamed the immigrants for the imposing conditions of urban government, and unionists attacked the immigrants for their willingness to work for small wages. Among the antiforeigner organizations formed was the American Protective connecter (APA). Created in 1887, it urged to vote against Roman Catholic candidates for office.Organized labor was mobile to show its negative attitude towards immigrants. Immigrants were frequently used as strike-breakers. In 1882, sexual intercourse passed the first restrictive law against immigran ts. It forced paupers, criminals, and convicts back to their home countries. In 1885, Congress prohibited the importation of foreign workers under contract-usually for lacking(p) wages. Federal laws were later enacted that were made to keep the undesirables out of America. In 1882, Congress barred the Chinese completely from immigrating to the United States (Chinese Exclusion motivate).VI. Churches Confront the Urban ChallengeProtestant churches suffered significantly from the population move to the cities, where many of their traditional doctrines and pastoral approaches seemed irrelevant. A new generation of urban revivalists stepped into this spreading incorrupt vacuum. Dwight Lyman Moody, a Protestant evangelist, proclaimed a gospel of kindness and forgiveness.He contributed to adapting the old-time religion to the facts of city life. The Moody Bible Institute was founded in Chicago in 1889 to carry out his work. Roman Catholic and Judaic faiths were gaining enormous strengt h from the New Immigration. By 1890, there were over cl religious denominations in the United States. The Church of Christ, Scientist was founded in 1879 by bloody shame Baker Eddy who preached that the true practice of Christianity heals sickness.VII. Darwin Disrupts the ChurchesPublished in 1859 by Charles Darwin, On the Origin of the Species stated that humans had slowly evolved from lower forms of life. The opening of evolution cast serious doubt on the idea of religion. Conservatives stood intemperately in their beliefs of God and religion, while Modernists flatly refused to accept the Bible in its entirety.VIII. The Lust for LearningDuring this time period, public education and the idea of tax-supported basal schools and high schools were gathering strength. Teacher-training schools, called normal schools, experienced great expansion after the Civil contend. The New Immigration in the 1880s and 1890s brought new strength to the private Catholic parochial schools, which wer e fast becoming a major part of the nations educational structure. Public schools excluded millions of adults. crowd cities generally provided better educational facilities than the old one-room rural schoolhouses.IX. booking agent T. majuscule and Education for Black PeopleThe South lagged far behind other regions in public education, and African-Americans suffered the most. The leading champion of black education was ex-slave Booker T. Washington. He taught in 1881 at the black normal and industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama. His self-help approach to solving the nations racial problems was denominate accommodationist because it stopped short of directly challenging white supremacy.Washington avoided the retail store of social equality. George Washington Carver taught and researched at Tuskegee Institute in 1896. He became an inter subject fieldly famous agricultural chemist. Black leaders, including Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois, attacked Booker T. Washington because Washington condem ned the black race to manual labor and perpetual inferiority. Du Bois helped to form the discipline tie beam for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1910.X. The Hallowed Halls of ivyFemale and black colleges shot up after the Civil War.The Morrill Act of 1862, passed after the Southern states had seceded, provided a generous grant of the public lands to the states for support of education. The Hatch Act of 1887 extended the Morrill Act and provided federal funds for the substantiation of agricultural experiment stations in connection with the land-grant colleges. Millionaires and tycoons donated generously to the educational system. Johns Hopkins University, founded in 1876, maintained the nations first high-grade ammonia alum school.XI. The March of the MindDue to new scientific gains, public wellness increased.William James made a large impact in psychology through his numerous writings.XII. The Appeal of the PressThe Library of Congress was founded in 1897 from the donations of Andrew Carnegie. The invention of the Linotype in 1885 increased the production of texts. Joseph Pulitzer was a leader in the techniques of sensationalism in St. Louis. William Randolph Hearst built up a chain of newspapers set out with the San Francisco Examiner in 1887. The Associated Press, founded in the 1840s, was gaining strength and wealth.XIII. Apostles of ReformMagazines partially live up to the public appetite for good reading. Possibly the most influential diary of all was the New York Nation.Started in 1865 by Edwin L. Godkin, it crusaded militantly for civil-service reform, honesty in government, and a moderate tariff. Henry George, another journalistic former, wrote the book boost and pauperization in 1879, which attempted to solve the association of progress with poverty. According to George, the insistency of growing population on a fixed supply of land unjustifiably pushed up property values, showering unearned profits on owners of land. He suppo rted a single tax. Edward Bellamy wrote the socialistic novel, Looking Backward, in which the course of study 2000 contained interior(a)ized big business to serve the public interest.XIV. Postwar WritingAs literacy increased, so did book reading. Dime novels were short books that usually told of the wilds of the West. General Lewis Wallace wrote the novel, Ben Hur A Tale of the Christ, to combat Darwinism. Horatio Alger was a Puritan-driven New Englander who wrote much than 100 volumes of juvenile fiction involving New York newsboys in 1866.XV. Literary LandmarksIn novel writing, the romanticist sentiment of a youthful era was giving way to the rock oil human comedy and drama of the world. In 1899, feminist Kate Chopin wrote well-nigh adultery, suicide, and womens ambitions in The Awakening. Mark Twain was a journalist, humorist, satirist, and opponent of social injustice. He recaptured the limits of realism and humor in the authentic American dialect. Bret Harte was also an aut hor of the West, writing in California of gold-rush stories. William Dean Howells became the editor in main(prenominal) of the prestigious Boston-based Atlantic Monthly.He wrote about ordinary people and about contemporary, and sometimes controversial, social themes. Stephen Crane wrote about the unpleasant underside of life in urban, industrial America. Henry James wrote of the confrontation of innocent Americans with crafty Europeans. His novels frequently included women as the central characters, exploring their inner reactions to complex situations with a skill that marked him as a master of psychological realism.By 1900, portrayals of modern-day life and social problems were the literary order of the day. Jack capital of the United Kingdom was a famous nature generator who turned to depicting a possible fascistic revolution in The Iron Heel. Black writer Paul Laurence Dunbar embraced the use of black dialect and folklore to capture the richness of southern black culture. The odore Dreiser wrote with disregard for prevailing moral standards.XVI. The New Moralitycapital of Seychelles Woodhull wrote the periodical, Woodhull and Clafins Weekly in 1872, which proclaimed her belief in detached love. Anthony Comstock made a life-long war on the base. The Comstock Law censored immoral material from the public.XVII. Families and Women in the CityUrban life launched the era of divorce. People in the cities were having fewer children because more children would mean more mouths to feed. Women were growing more independent in the urban environment. Feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman called upon women to abandon their dependent spatial relation and contribute to the larger life of the community through productive sake in the economy. XVIII. In 1890, the matter American Woman Suffrage Association was founded. The re-born suffrage movement and other womens organization excluded black women. Ida B. come up helped to launch the black womens club movement, which led to the establishment of the National Association of Colored Women in 1896.XIX. Prohibition of Alcohol and Social ProgressLiquor consumption had increased in the days of the Civil War and had continued to flourish afterwards. The National Prohibition Party was formed in 1869. The Womans Christian Temperance Union was formed in 1874 by militant women. The Anti-Saloon League was sweeping new states into prohibiting alcohol, and in 1919, the national prohibition amendment (18th) was passed.XX. Artistic TriumphsMusic and portrait painting was gaining popularity.The phonograph, invented by doubting Thomas Edison, enabled the reproduction of music by mechanical means.XXI. The Business of AmusementThe circus, arising to American demand for fun, emerged in the 1880s. Baseball was also emerging as the national pastime, and in the 1870s a professional league was formed. The move to spectator sports was exemplified by football.Basketball was invented in 1891 by James Naismith.