Role of Independent Non-Executive Directors Essay

Role of Independent Non-Executive Directors - Essay Example perhaps the most summarized in the Federal Law On Joint Stock Companies, which refers primarily to the freedom of jury members from the management. Incidentally, the interpretation of independence of directors is given in Sec. 9, The interest in the commission of public transactions, so this definition can be regarded as purely utilitarian. A much more detailed vision of self-directed directors make the Code of Conduct and the Association of investor protection . Last added to the list of groups that should not affect the directors, so far the state, as well as major sh areholders and partners of the company. Perhaps, except for employees (excluding top management), lists all of steykholde-ditch. However, if we take into account our circulating(prenominal) realities, placing the companys employees to the stakeholders (directly or through participation in trade unions) will be more a recommendation to the familiarly a ccepted world practice, rather than a reflection of reality (Arbouw, 2004, pp. 8). Thus, in the most general case, it can be argued that an autonomous director is self-supporting from all stakeholder groups. Of course, there is a statistic that confirms that the involvement of independent directors correlates with the high efficiency of enterprises and their degree of success. Moreover, already in 1992 Cadbury report was published, which stated that the level and number of non-executive directors on the board of directors shall be such that their views have made a significant contribution to the decision of the board of Directors. Later, in 1998, these provisions were reaffirmed in the group, Sir Ronald Hampel of the fundamental principles of embodied governance. However, I venture to suggest that the need for independent directors in the UK there was still earlier than the institution of independent directors. In his article, M. Samosudov concludes that, in speaking of independe nce of directors, to talk about the independence of judgments of the Board of Directors (Barratt, 2002, pp.9). That is understood that members of the board of directors and board of directors as a social unit should be in every situation to express opinions, make decisions, guided solely by considerations of their feature professionalism and efficiency of the company as a whole, but not by considerations of any individual participants of corporate relations. Then we come to the following conclusion the independent director is a highly qualified specializer who can satisfy the needs to implement the functions and exercising the authority of the Board of Directors the most effective way, irrespective of the views of various stakeholder groups. Main Body From this definition we can draw three conclusions. First, an independent director - not a position, and the profession, such as, for example, an electrical engineer or an accountant, with all ensuing consequences. Secondly, any sha reholder, being of live on mind and memory of, must carry out the appointment of board members only from among the independent directors (the best, also no one is appointed by, say, a professional accountant to the position electrician). And thirdly, to the service must be approached with the same criteria as any other service or any other product the wild of its value (how effective or that the applicant) and prices (the value of his services). As an option - to hold a competition for woof vacant board member. It is clear that, if we exclude from consideration all animate objects, the Company is a true collection of assets and related liabilities to shareholders and third parties. Therefore, to talk about the public interest makes no sense. However, there are a lot of sense to talk about the interests of employees and its top managers. In this case we have to, first, to

Apple- Function and Form Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Apple- Function and Form - Essay ExampleThe company has also diversified in its handicraft areas such as development of mobile devices, iPod and iPhones applying the notion of differentiation in its business-level strategies.There are sundry(a) advantages and disadvantages of differentiation to the company. A productive differentiation strategy is one of the strengths of Apple. The implementation of this strategy has resulted in the magnification of its product line from personal computers to mobile communication devices, software applications and operating systems. Moreover, the differentiation strategy has direct to development of premium price for its products. The premium price is the process, which comprises a hike in the price of products so that a positive and healthy perception can be created among the buyers of the company. The company is also renowned for its extremely efficient personnel. Apple had also created numerous products with advanced technology so that its cu stomers are satisfied at the full (Bertone, 2009).Apple faces the negative effects of the imitation strategies practiced by its rival companies. This can be curbed through the credence of focus strategy, which emphasizes a particular market segment, so as to build its customers the true to a greater extent (Baxter & Wainwright, 2013). In addition, the company has faced strong competition regardless of the adoption of differentiation strategy. Apple has also failed to consider the price conscious buying behaviour of its customers. This has culminated in dismissal of cost leadership due to enticing of customers through price reduction. Moreover, the differentiation strategy has led to budge of customer preferences, which has reduced the demand of some products.Apple should maintain the application of Porters generic wine strategies framework. In addition, the company should fully adopt the differentiation strategy and emphasize on its innovative strengths

Compare and Contrast Michelangelo's David with Bernini's version Essay

Compare and Contrast Michelangelos David with Berninis version - Essay ExampleThis statue lacks depth, since all the focus is on the frontal view. Davids expression is cool and enigmatic, which distances the beauty and encourages contemplation of his beauty rather than empathy with the story of David and Goliath.Berninis David, on the other hand, is leaning to one side, in a bent position. It is as if he is woful through time, having just picked up the stone, and now aiming it in his sling and about to fire it at Goliath. The viewer is drawn his facial expression, which is contorted in quite extreme emotion, and the sweeping line from his left mortise joint to his head. There is no mistaking a frown of concentration around his eyes and a flying determination in his downturned mouth. Berninis David has both arms drawn to the left, holding the sling tight, which takes him temporarily by balance. Arm and leg muscles are tensed, making the sculpture dramatic, and dynamic, almost as if he is about to clapperclaw out from the podium. This is an open form sculpture which interacts with the space around it in a dramatic way, firearm Michelangelos David is static, and merely looks out from a still

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Supply Chain counsel - Essay ExampleSupply twine vigilance too helps to improve customer service, thus change magnitude effectiveness.Supply fibril forethought is an important aspect of operation considerment as it has profound personal effects on the successful functioning of an organization. Proper picture chain management nookie be use to eliminate redundancy and remove barriers arising from poor communication, by monitoring, controlling and coordinating the various processes within an organization. Identifying the components of the supply chain, facilitating better decision-making, creating improved communication, and identifying weak links in the chain causing bottlenecks in an organization atomic number 18 crucial to supply chain integrating. There are three principle elements of supply chain integration management of randomness and financial flows, armoury management, and management of relationships of trading partners. (Power, 2005)According to Czinkota, Ronkain en and Moffett, supply chain management is the integration of three concepts they are the systems concept, the total cost concept and the trade off concept. These concepts are also important to the business enterprise logistics. The system concept is based on the notion that materials- flow activities within and outside(a) of the firm are so extensive and complex that they can be considered only in the stage setting of their interaction. The system concept intends to provide the firm, its suppliers and its customers both domestic and foreign, with the benefits of synergism expected from the coordinated application of size. To take out the system concept works, info flows and partnership trust are instrumental. Logistics capability is highly information dependent, since information availability is key in planning and to process implementation.(http//www.oppapers.com/topics/supply-chain-concepts/0) This paper discusses how the benefits reducing cost and profits can be achieved by utilizing information systems and information technology. I will also examine the supply chain processes between sellers and buyers. Due to continuous advancement in the field of information systems technology, it is possible for supply chain partners to coordinate more effectively to optimize the performance of their various organisations. Also, information sharing is a essential in this coordination, and information sharing has been facilitated quite a lot by these advances in the field of information technology.According to Banavar et al, Modern businesses are dynamic in nature and to stay competitive (organizations) need to optimize their business processes by understanding and reacting to the rapid changes in their environment (Banavar, Black, Caceres, Ebling, et al, 2005) Serious use of supply chain management started in the 1980s. It is to describe the range of activities coordinated by an organisation in order to procure and manage their supplies. (Oliver and Webber, 1982)I nventory control is a very essential part of the supply chain process of any organization, because inventory control has to do with reducing the cost of inventory. There are 3 major factors involved in the inventory control decision-making process. These are The cost of shortage, i.e., what is lost if the stock is insufficient to meet all packThe cost of holding the stock The

Inelastic scatttering of neutrons or x rays by phonons Essay

nonresilient scatttering of neutrons or x rays by phonons - Essay ExampleThe factor used to measure this form of X ray aspersion is called a TOF chopper spectrometers. Inelastic dissipate essentially involves the interaction between neutron and phonons and the exchange of energy and momentum that takes place. The Inelastic Neutron Scattering can be represented by the following double differential equation ( Loong Chun, 2006) Here, the scattering function S (Q, E) is forthwith related to the space-time cor apprisal functions that exist between particles or the space-time constraints of the particle itself. Coherent Inelastic Scattering This involves addition of both energy and momentum. A coherent scattering experiment fork overs details close to the frequency and space configurations of phonons. The phonons can be quantified as the vibrations of ions in their respective positions of equilibrium. The experiment manages in mensuration the static and dynamic factors of both the core electrons and the electrons located in the outer periphery. These x ray diffraction experiments provide information regarding the behaviour of quantum liquids. The speed of sound in water which is function of its temperature can be discovered using this experiment. Further density variations of fluids with temperature changes and the corresponding arrangements of ions structurally also form part of the inelastic scattering process. ... Further the Born-Von Karman analysis provides relationship between force constants and the dispersions. (Loong Chun, 2006) Dispersion curves thus plotted using this relation provide information regarding the phonon density. This is critical in measuring thermodynamic particular(prenominal)s like vibration entropy and specific heat of materials.( Loong Chun, 2006) The INS Instrument-Crystal Mono-chromators and Choppers The INS instrument is capable of performing truly precise measurements and calculating S (Q, E) to its absolute units. It is ve ry critical to calculate the total energy interaction that occurs when scattering takes place. An energy filter placed at a certain collimated solid angle is used to allow these low energy scattered neutrons to relegate through it. (Veenendaal M van et al, 2010) This utilizes two methods to assess the process. One involves a direct geometry which utilizes a gang of fixed incident energy and variable scattered energies. The other uses inverse geometry combining variable incident energy and fixed scattered energy. The coherent inelastic x ray spectrometer uses a mono-chromator of postgraduate energy that is utilized as the source. The analyzer is formed by a curved Si crystal. A nested crystal that is formed by a combination of Si (4 4 0)-(15 11 3) forms the mono-chromator. A Diced ti crystal of bending radius 6m with a combination of (18 6 0) forms the analyzer. The energy resolution obtained in this practice is 2meV while the momentum transferred is 5A-1. The energy of the pho tons that are used to impact initially is in the range of 21.657 keV. (Loong Chun, 2006) generator Phonon dispersion measurements in Berrylium along (0 0 ?) direction for the longitudinal phonons for ? values indicated for each spectrum,

INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS EXAM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS EXAM - Assignment ExampleThe Following is the equating showing all the variablesThe theoretical application of the equation is mostly observed High Perfomance Liquid Chromatography peculiarly in the separation of similar simple hydrocarbons. A nonher practical application is in separation of amino group acids, and proteins.In split injection for GC, the major purpose is to ensure most of the sample do not flow into the column but instead they pass through the split blowhole on their way to the atmosphere. This is unlike splitless injection whereby most of the sample volatize and flow into the column. In which case, for split injection the split vent is normally open while for splitless, the vent is closed by a split valve controlled by a computer. The ideal situation for using split injection is when there is need to achieve rapid volatilization anyway homogenous mixing of the injected sample with a carrier gas. For splitless mode, an ideal scenario for its use is where there is need to soft down the volatization of the sample.Application impurity profiling and exploration of degradation. In which case, the gradient flow is used for decomposable samples with analytes of wide polarities and commonly used for high throughput screening and impurity testing such as in impurity profiling.The reversed course makes the use of a polar mobile phase and a non-polar hydrophobic unmoving phase. Those compound having similar polarity as that evident in mobile phase will be preferentially attracted to it and move faster. For compounds having similar polarity to that of non-polar stationary phase there movement will be delayed because of their strong attraction to the particles. Intuitively, the differences in the relative attraction of each compound for each phase creates a basis for separation by changing the speeds of the analytes.Particle size (dp), is a representation of the slopped diameter of the spherical supports used to pack a column. According to the definition,

Review of Financial Statements Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Review of Financial Statements Paper - Essay poserfor auditing Teva Pharmaceuticals coalesced balance sheets including its subsidiaries and various other consolidated statements such as those of income statements, equity changes and cash flows. Kesselman & Kesselman is accountable for articulating their views upon the financial statements which are considered as the prime responsibility of the Management and Board of Directors of the company (Kesselman & Kesselman, 2011).The management of Watson Pharmaceuticals is generally responsible for the preparation of financial reporting inclusive of the structure of internal controls and formation of various consolidated statements of accounts. The financial statements are prepared according to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The financial statements are audited by the companys independent registered firm for public accounting, i.e. PriceWaterhouseCoopers. The responsibility of this audit firm is to express its picture regar ding the accountability of the financial statements of the company as per the standards (Watson Pharmaceuticals Inc (WPI), 2011). PriceWaterhouseCoopers is one of the well-known firms related to accounting and auditing throughout the world. It in any case provides with effective and competitive planning services aimed at the betterment of the organizational operations (BioJerusalem, 2011).Kesselman & Kesselman. (2011). Report of self-directed Registered Public Accounting Firm. Retrieved from http//google.brand.edgar-online.com/EFX_dll/EDGARpro.dll?FetchFilingHtmlSection1?SectionID=7731562-542814-549604&SessionID=ADoWHCg1k6TEkA7Watson Pharmaceuticals Inc (WPI). (2011). Annual Report Pursuant To Section 13 And 15(d). Retrieved from

Immigrants in detroit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Immigrants in detroit - Research Paper Exampletates and taking jobs from less fortunate Americans, which in all honesty those Americans are not willing to do those jobs anyways, but that still remains to be a huge debate.Americans get angry on in-migration because if immigrants take the time to actually watch to this country, they should take the time to cash in ones chips a legalized citizen of the US. Even if immigrants get the citizenship would Americans opinions change? Another problem associated with immigration is that it increases the population of the country and therefore, many look at immigration as a huge quandary and in some eyes it is completely true. Detroit is one of the most exposed states of Michigan where immigrants visit to abide by jobs, socioeconomic status, etc.Detroit is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a major port city on the Detroit River in the Midwest region of the United States. Detroit is the only major U.S. city that looks south of Canada. Detroit is known as the worlds traditional automotive center and thats why it has got two nicknames The Motor urban center and Motown. From 1805 to 1847, Detroit was the capital of Michigan.The city assumed great importance after the mid-19th century as a shipping, shipbuilding, and manufacturing center, attracting migrants from about the world including Poles, Italians, Germans, Serbs, Croats and others. However, large number of migrants came from the South, especially African Americans who arrived in Detroit after 1900 as factory employment increased rapidly. Detroit was the leading producer for the military during World Wars I and II.Industry spurred growth during the first half of the twentieth century as the city drew tens of thousands of new residents particularly workers from the Southern United States to become the nations fourth largest. At the same time, tens of thousands of European immigrants poured into the city. Social tensions rose with the rapid chili ad of growth. The color-blind promotion policies of the auto plants

Impact of Pinyin on Chinese people's ability to learn foreign Research Paper

Impact of Pinyin on Chinese batchs ability to learn unusual langauges - Research Paper ExampleIt is now possible for Pinyin speakers to connect sounds to written forms of words. This knowledge is helpful in acquisition of a phonetic based talking to like English.As far back as the 1930s, Chinese leaders like Mao Zedong noted that the traditional systems of writing Chinese, such as Zhiyin, Fanqie, and Zhuyinfuhao, were to a fault difficult to learn. Because of its dependence on characters, most of the population could not learn sufficient characters to develop a rich vocabulary. Therefore, Latinisation was regarded as a mechanism for quickly eradicating illiteracy in China (DeFrancis, 2006).Difficulties in accommodative differences between written and oral Chinese also motivated the introduction of Pinyin. Chairman Mao verbalise that the Chinese language had several contradictions, as written Chinese came from symbols yet spoken Chinese did not (DeFrancis, 2006). It was thus dif ficult to learn the language and transmit knowledge in written forms. Prior to the 1950s, people who supported this movement held key positions in government. Therefore, political will existed to reform the language. However, after the 1950s, a distinguishable group known as Mao Zedong took over the government, and was dedicated to the suppression of the Pinyin movement. Regardless of this opposition, intellectuals persisted in push button for reforms until Pinyin was finally adopted in 1958.Learning a new language is often easier when the second language has elements of ones primary language. For a language such as Chinese, these similarities are particularly dictatorial in facilitating the learning process. In the United States, Chinese is regarded as one of the most difficult languages to learn. The US government has established a categorisation system in which they classify languages according to their ease of acquisition. Chinese, Arabic, Korean, and Nipponese are all categ ory IV languages, meaning that they take the longest to master. These

Formative, Summative and Confirmative Evaluation Assignment

Formative, Summative and Confirmative Evaluation - Assignment ExampleWhile summative paygrade focuses on the outcome or the strength of the program. It is used to gradation effectiveness of a performance preventive or evaluates if the interventions during the process oblige passed into an effective outcome (Van Tiem et al., 2000, p. 157). Summative evaluation as the name suggests summarizes the result after the whole process was made by assessing whether the object can be said to have caused the outcome determine the overall impact of the causal factor beyond only the immediate get outcomes and, estimating the relative costs associated with the object (Trochim, 2006).On the contrary, confirmative evaluation, unlike the first two focuses on determining the adequacy of competence of the learners. Confirmative Evaluation is applied to analyze long-term performance by collecting, examining and interpret data and information in order to determine the continuing competence of learn ers or the continuing effectiveness of instructional materials (Van Tiem et al., 2000, p.157-158).Compare and ContrastThe benefits of using the formative evaluation include enabling the teachers to assess the students with what they take away to do and adjusting in order to have a better lessons and activities. It also spares them to know if their program is working, and they allow students to know their own encourage. Students are more motivated because they learn to assess themselves (Boston, 2002). Summative evaluations benefits are the teachers are able to determine where the students weak area is and they can bear a better tooth root. It also measures the success of their training program and it makes the students gain confidence knowing that their progress is good (Boston, 2002). Confirmative evaluations benefit is that it analyzes long term performance and it is able to measure whether the learners are competent and whether the materials used are effective. Formative and summative evaluation provides a fast solution while confirmative provides a solution after a period of time. Teachers are faced with the quarrel of developing their own assessments and its often a challenge especially for new teachers to understand the differences among the types of

Research report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research report - Essay ExampleThe study also pitch that legal age of customers prefer to receive information about the innovative supplier via post and then by sales rep visit. Presence on the web live has also been selected. It is recommended that information be sent via post and print via web. These customers can then be followed up by salespersons for generating business.We put together that 74% of customer have been approached by 0-2 suppliers for their business and 42% of customers have never switch suppliers in the last five years. This means that if the new supplier is able to market the service in accordance to the filch 3 desired and top 3 existing attributes, these customer can move over to the new suppliers.64% of the customer who have switched suppliers over the last five years indicated that they have been approached by a supplier for their business. This indicates that the general move of the market is to be approached by the new suppliers rather than approachi ng the supplier with their business.For the analysis, the age of the sample has been mazed down into three groups downstairs 30, 30 to 60 and over 60 years of age. In this sample, we found the majority of respondents between the age of 30 and 60 ( at 42%), closely followed by respondents below the age of 30 ( at 30%) and then respondents over the age of 60 (at 28%). study of the respondents fall within the income bracket of $50,000 and above (at 64%) compared to respondents with income below $50,000 (at 36%). Considering the income bracket, the sample is unevenly distributed across various respondent profiles.During this analysis, the masses with income lesser than $50,000 are under-represented, so are females. In terms of age, the 30 to 60 age group is dominant, however this is required since this is the age group which would normally be found as a familys decision maker age group.The positive implication of these limitations is that the actual decision devising age group is l argely represented but the

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 12

Case study - Essay ExampleOne occasion which is common among them is that they all love their jobs, even if they are apparently difficult to others.All the job profiles mentioned in the examples are apparently tough and hectic, which provides challenging situations and huge work load. They also demands extensive attention and clock devotion to an employees work life. In general, most of the employees would face exhaustion and burn out enchantment working in this schedule (Burke & MacDermid, 1999), but these individuals mentioned in the examples, are driven by challenge and they are motivated by high target fulfilment. All of them work in respectable and well known companies and in reputable positions. Although, they have very smallish time for personal life, and their work-life balance is reduced to a minimum, they enjoy their work life more than their personal life. These individuals are all self-motivated they are driven by tough challenges and high achievement of success. Ac cording to Douglas, and Morris (2006), most workaholic people work for personal desire, they are seldom driven by the future outcome, rather what disturbes them is the need to complete their task and reach their goal. They all push themselves out of their comfort zone, to achieve what most of the people chiffoniernot. Some of the jobs allow the employees to travel all close to the world, which is preferred by a workaholic employee, but is seen as a hectic scheduled job by an average one. According to Kooglu, Grkan, and Aktas (2014) challenging workload is one of the factors of job satisfaction. Workload can be overwhelming to employees if it exceeds the employees working ability. Eventually, it causes job dissatisfaction and psychological withdrawal from the job. On the other hand, too little work load can cause job dissatisfaction too, because the employee eventually feels frustrated and their morale goes down (Kooglu,

LIFE CYCLE - PLASTIC BAGS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

LIFE CYCLE - PLASTIC BAGS - Essay ExampleThey ar portable, illuminate weight, reusable and easily disposable. However, use of credit card bag has always been a controversial issue precondition it affects the animal and marine life in many adverse ways and is conventionally manufactured from non-renewable indwelling resources. Besides, there are many other concerns associated with the use of flexible bags that are of huge significance to the surroundings and ecology. Use of plastic bags has been globally condemned and criticized with reasonable arguments. This paper elaborates the life cycle of plastic bags and critically analyzes the environmental effects of each stage of their life cycle. Furthermore, various alternatives that can help eliminate the draw backs of plastic bags while maintaining the capacity to deliver the same usability are also enlisted in the paper.All bags are supposedly light in weight, so they inflate once air is filled in them. This property is non limi ted to just plastic bags. Indeed, all bags irrespective of their material are light weight, and this property essentially makes them suitable for use in everyday life for all purposes. However, plastic bag has a portentous edge over other types of bags in that they are purely impermeable and are often transparent. This is what differentiates plastic bags from other bags because they offer the user the ease of carrying liquids which many other types of bags do not. The strength of plastic bags is a good deal more than that of a paper, so they are used for carrying significantly larger weights than other bags. Plastic bags are good in resisting tensile stresses. They bear sufficiently larger tensile forces than any other sympathetic of bag. This makes them the best carrier among the variety of carriers available. They come in a variety of sizes. Small bags have disappoint visibility than large bags and thin light (HDPE) bags snag more easily than heavier (LLDPE) bags. (Verghese, Jollands, and Allan, 2008, p. 10).In order to count the impact

Psychology 14 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychology 14 - Essay ExampleKohlbergs moral portrays are applicable in different spheres of life. In explaining the situation facing the Christians, the six stages in all the three levels are used. According to Kohlberg (1984), the first level, known as Preconventional or the premoral is concerned with an individuals level of responsiveness to both rules their critical labels. It views them in terms of either their pleasant or unpleasant consequences of action. Characteristics of the first stage include bow and punishment orientation, which major concern is on the objectiveness of the responsibility. With reference to this stage, the Christians disobeyed the law and therefore liable for punishment. The second stage, which Kohlberg described as naively egoistic orientation defines the right action as a minister of religions means through which they can personally satisfy their needs as head as that of others. With personal satisfaction being essential in this stage, the action s taken by the Christians were justified.The second level is specify by conventional or role con spend a pennyity. In this level, it points out that the moral values guide a person in performing the right role in maintaining the conventional order as well as accomplishing the desire of other people but still maintaining his own right. In this level, the trine stage defines the good boy or the good girl orientation, geared towards pleasing other people (Nisha, 2006). on that point was no need to intentions of the Christians in pleasing Nero and this meant that they were not wrong in their actions. Evaluation of the action taken by an individual is in terms of the personal orientations. The fourth stage, authority and social-order-maintaining orientation, means that the orientation of showing any form of respect to the people as a duty and maintain any form of social order did not justify the actions of these Christians in any way, and thus were supposed to be punished.The third level, the postconventional or

The benefits of Massage on depression and anxiety Research Paper

The benefits of abrase on depression and anxiety - Research Paper ExampleThere are diverse schools of work, which yields unlike forms of rub off. Massage therapists frequently combine several(prenominal) techniques, although some therapists (purists) stick to one method. There are several types of manipulate such as aromatherapy, reflexology, shiatsu massage, relaxation massage, and remedial massage. Deep tissue massage mainly utilizes enhanced pressure to reach deeper levels of muscles (Karen et al. 442). Shiatsu massage alike employs deep pressure, while neuro muscular massage employs strong pressure to tender spots (trigger points).There are several theories that attempt to explain how massage might work however, none of the advanced theories has adequately been proved to be true (Field et al. 125). Some massage therapists and massage therapy schools assert that massage breaks up calcium deposits within the muscle however, there is no mark validation of this assertion. Som e forms of massage such as acupressure, reflexology, and Rolfing Structural Integration possess elaborate theories puke them, but there exists no scientific evidence to back the theories (Dryden and Moyer 94). Another advanced explanation dilate that massage facilitates healing by reducing the incidence of stress and bringing about relaxation. Massage also gratifies the basic human need to be touched.Massage therapy remains predominantly employed to relieve muscular tension and deliver relaxation. Massage is touted to be helpful as an aid in the treatment of a wide variety of conditions such as attention deficit disorder (ADD), autism, asthma, eczema, low back pain, get laid pain, spinal cord injury, and bedsores. Although there is a collection of evidence pointing out that massage may be helpful for diverse forms of medical purposes, the evidence on the efficacy of massage is not strong (Dryden and Moyer 95). some(prenominal) reasons can be cited for this, with the most outstan ding being that even with

Informal Report (Ch 9) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Informal Report (Ch 9) - stress ExampleIn order to be a registered value, one has to have a bachelors degree in nursing, a diploma course from an approved nursing program or plane an associate degree in nursing. Other than having these academic qualifications, a registered nurse is required to undertake a licensing examination in order to be accorded a license to certify them to practice nursing legally.As at 2010, the annual salary of a registered nurse was $64,690. The future outlook of this career is slightly to a greater extent than average as it is expected to grow at 26% before year 2020. This growth leave be facilitated by the technological advancements, changes in healthcare and emphasis on preventive care. Being registered nurse will provide the basics in nursing and therefore career advancement to even perish a head nurse or specialize in other areas of nursing like organism a pediatric or cardiac nurse among other nursing career

Louis Vuitton in Japan Essay Example for Free

Louis Vuitton in japan Essay* What has make LVs business model successful in the japanese Luxury Market? What has do Louis Vuittons business model successful in the Japanese Luxury is foremost due to an bellicose marketing strategy they adopted in the country. Indeed with their heritage, the savoir-faire la franaise, the constant innovation, the quality of their products as rise as an offered lifetime repair guarantees, Louis Vuitton has managed to make its Japanese customers loyal to the brand and succeeded to build its empire in Japan. * What ar the opportunities and challenges for LV in Japan? Opportunities Characteristics of the evolution of ageing Japanese population could be an opportunity for LV, such as wealthier families and older women with increased purchasing power. Moreover, establishing an Internet business, application for smartph one(a)s as well as expending a smart range of products for men and children could be the next step for foster growth in Japanese Luxury market.Challenges The changes in Japanese society and mindset be the biggest challenge for LV. The new generation doesnt have the same vision as the previous one, and with the gloomy economic context they are less inclined to tolerate high prices that had formerly created desirability. Moreover, the entry of fast spurt brand as ZARA, HM, UNIQLO in the Japanese market, pass quality at competitive price move up the market share of existing prodigality companies in Japan. The saturated market in Japan for fashion luxury, the continuous limited editions products and the possible departure of Marc Jacobs could also be pointed out as challenges for Louis Vuitton.* What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market? Consumer behavior is one of the biggest specific of the Japanese fashion luxury market. The Japanese way of consumption is different from the Western one, as they are known to be a group-oriented culture in which there was a real pressure to possess lux ury brands, their way of go through them seems to a greater extent like a compulsory form of social expression. And with adapted marketing strategies successful luxury brand had made the Japanese luxury market the mass market. Otherwise, Japanese consumer are really sharp to quality, price, creativity, and high fashion these are key factors for successful brands in the Japanese market.* How did LV get down into the Japanese market originally? What are the other entry strategies adopted later to strengthen its presence? The enter of Louis Vuitton into the Japanese market began in the mid 1970s thanks to the Vuitton-Racamier family who had focused mainly on create a Japanese clientele. Louis Vuitton opted for a new strategy by porta its own shop-in-shops in Japan without the help of a Japanese distributor. LV turned out to be a pioneer in establishing its own subsidiary and exporting products directly from France to Japan.Otherwise hiring a local CEO and managers to lead LV in Ja pan allowed the brand to conduct the business more efficiently believing they are more able to make market-driven decision, as they are able to better understand the local people. Moreover, by offering architectural stores with an interior design comparable to that found in its flagship stores in Paris, LV has been able to instigate the whole purchasing experience in store matching the emotion brought out by the products. In order to strengthen its presence in Japan LV opted for several others strategies, such as hiring Marc Jacob who had created a new energy for each ready-to-wear collection, mixing tradition and innovation but also by collaborating with Japanese artists (Takashi Murakami, Rei Kawakubo, Jun Aoki) and launching limited editions products (exclusivity perceive by the costumer) that enable LV to increase its profit full away.* Will LV have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it smite the new challenges? As said previously there is a shift in Japanese consumer preferences and it is take down more highlighted due to the global financial crisis. Indeed, the days of charging a high price for products with a proprietary logo seemed to be gone in Japan. In this time of recession even Japanese consumers are becoming more aware of the value of money. Moreover, counterfeiting appeared even in the Japanese market where quality is one of the key factors in the act of purchasing luxury goods and it became a huge challenge for LV.Now that the mistaken bags are hard to distinguished from the genuine ones, Japanese consumer willing buy fake LV bags that they will use for everyday life, even though they own authentic that they will save for special occasions. though there was sustained slowdown in the demand for luxury goods in 2008-2009 due to the global recession, the Japanese luxury market would remain a healthy and growing industry and strategic decisions can scourge these challenges.On one hand LV decided to lower it s prices, in fact they had made a seven per cent price reduction on its range of products. On the other hand LV designated Kiyotaka Fujii a new chief executive officer (CEO), which is the first change in the Japanese focussing team. This change in management enable the brand to have a new vision and new ideas such as expanding the range of products for children, sales of smaller products (wallets, sunglasses), spreading business on the web, expanding its strategies and opening new stores in mid-size cities where the brand is not well-know.

Promoting diversity within a health and social setting Essay Example for Free

Promoting transmutation within a health and social setting EssayIn this report I am going to outline The Mental Health Act alongside this, the procedures and codes of come and how both of these arrive to gain diversity and assessing the effectiveness of these measures in place.The Mental Health Act aims to safeguard the vulnerable, by ensuring they are case-hardened fairly and equally by attend tos and given permission to health care, for example hospital intervention if required. The term intellectual illness or a personality disorder is used to describe individual with a mental disorder. The key principles of the act include keeping the avail users best interest at heart and if unwise closes are made by the user, the least restrictive option should be made. The mental health acts helps to promote diversity, because it ensures that the individual themselves will not be taken advantage of and their choices are met with all-inclusive understanding before a decision h as been made. This also makes sure that the person who holds the right to overrule the decision making follows under the act closely.The codes of practise aim to provide rules and regulations on how professionals should behave in a health and social care service. Most importantly, they provide specific standards of practise for each situation. For example, there is a code of practise for nursing and midwifery, know as the nursing and midwifery council. Another example of how codes of practise provide specific rules for each situation is the including standards of practise specially tailored for social care workers. This is known as the General Social Care Council. The standards of practise must comply with the employers and employees responsibilities non- discriminatory practise.These responsibilities include provide promoting choices about service users and the care they receive promoting a sense of self concept for each service user promoting diversity by considering their prefe rences, the service users individual need and their wishes being taken into consideration of every aspect of their care. These responsibilities help to promote diversity, because it prevents victimisation and respects individuals divergent views, with providing equality for all and promoting non discriminatory practise.Overall, this piece of code is effective, because it aims to promote diversity by providing important legislation with lawful regulations that helps to meet service users needs. For example, the mental health act ensures the individual centre on if necessary, will be ensured to have informed and respectful decisions made based on their needs and preferences. Codes of practise are effective for aiming to promote diversity, because they provide standards of practise for individual situations, which all consequently aim to promote diversity and help staff and carers to use non discriminatory practices that respect all individual service users needs while also aimin g to promote and respect differences within each individual.

Welfare and unemployment Essay Example for Free

benefit and un piece of work EssayWelf be is a term used to describe a long spectrum of parameters for human well being. These parameters include security, education, economy, housing, health and natural environment. In essence, eudaemonia encompasses wellness of all aspects of life. Basically, welfargon can be defined as wellness or well doing or wellbeing in regard to enjoyment of health and common blessings of life, free from any evil or disasters development and happiness. Welfare can be viewed in the perspective of both an exclusive and community as a whole. On the new(prenominal) hand, unemployment refers to a situation where an individual is available to scat and currently searching for work plainly there is no where he/she can work. The level of unemployment is measured by unemployment rate which is usually set forth as the percentage of the people in the labor force who open gotten employed. It is a matter of var. that unemployment impacts negatively to the wel fare of the people in a country. These impacts occur at individual, family and community levels.Some of the impacts of unemployment that are commonly known include poor housing, drop of in cum, poor health, lack of food, insecurity, lack of education , appeal of debts, Xenophobia, protectionism and immigration hence it is agreeable among people of different quotas that unemployment and welfare are closely cerebrate (Anderson, 2000, 67) . To flummox with, one of the most important measures of welfare is health. According to WHO, health is defined as a invoke of complete wellness physiologically, scotchally, complaisantly and emotionally and not merely the absence of a disease or disability.In this regard, economy and neighborly factors are key determinants of human health. The welfare of the economy and social positioning is dependent on the availability of work that provides employment to the people. In the contemporary realness, employment means work which is consistent a nd money can be paid for it. The need for earning money has made a compensable job as a top agenda in the priorities and lives of many people. Due to this reason, job has got a significant impact on the mental, physical and social health status of the society.There is a hoi polloi of documented research and empirical evidence on the effects of lack of jobs on the health of the people. involvement to may people gives them a sense of consistency, purpose and identity, belongingness, social identity and a chance for individuals growth and development. In some cases, some say that it provides to them self-realization and creativity. When one is unemployed, he/she is considered to have lost these vital benefits and therefore it results to adverse effects to his/her health (Earney, 1997, 102).According to numerous studies that have conducted world wide, there seems to be a pattern of increasing mortality rate during the times of negative economic growth, such as time of increasing unem ployment. For example, in Scotland (1983), there was a time lag of 0 to 13 years in its population, meaning that the death rate was increased by the continuously juicy and rising unemployment during that time. This association of health and unemployment can be depicted well in the studies of cardiovascular diseases.From outline of various studies, it has been proved that there is a positive relationship of unemployment and coronary heart diseases deaths. This is basically because of the tense up that is related with unemployment. From these studies, it has been specifically noted that, aged employees who were retrenched and the young people who are jobless are to a greater extent prone to stroke and high blood pressure disorders than the other segments of the populations.The other measure of the association mingled with unemployment and health is number of suicides. In the studies that have been conducted so far, it has been proved that in most cases, those who attempted suicid e had been unemployed or jobless. This was more so among the adolescents males. Research has also shown that high risks of injury and accidents are related to unemployment (Nelson, 1999, 33). Unemployment has also been identified as one of the cause of the many mental capers being experienced of late.It is corroborate by research that immediate job loss, long time joblessness and many mental and physical health disorders are closely related. The mental health negative effects of joblessness include consistent depression, insomnia, self-harming feelings , anxiety, dullness, pessimism , decline in self esteem and reduced ability to make decision. In one of the studies in USA, it was found that the physicians put down the highest number of psychiatric patients during the times of economic recession which is characterized by a cope of joblessness.Also, worthy noting was the unique(p) finding that most health facilities received the highest number of clients in the times of economic difficulties contrary to the expression assumption of the people that patients increase at the time of economic boom when there is a lot of money in circulation for seek healthcare. Unemployment does not spare the welfare of children either. It has been noted that children are adversely moved(p) when the parents are jobless.In such cases, the families lack finances to cater for their basic needs akin seeking for health care, education, shelter and food. This results to increased infant mortality, morbidity rates and hospital admissions. In one of the studies in Britain, it was found out that unemployment doubled the risk of sickness for young children who were admitted at the health facilities. Unemployment makes the young to mother from material deprivation, depression and other psychological problems, somatic symptoms and sicknesses, juvenile delinquency, poor performance in discipline and lack of attachment to the parents.It has also been observed that child abuse and negl ect becomes rampant when jobless occurs (Gulluly, 1998, 23). For women, the problem of unemployment profits the hardest. It predisposes them to the practice of prostitution so as to earn income for catering for their needs and their families. Such practice has resulted to bustling spread of sexually transmitted infections like HIV and others. Moreover, joblessness among women leads to increased levels of the cases of maternal mortality . This is referable to lack finances for seeking maternal health services, which in most developing countries are paid for.To turn down the situation, the married women have been on the receiving end in the times of unemployment since many men divorce them or run away leaving them with a heavy burden of feeding the families. Such cases have been inform in developing countries where the men leave their wives and migrate to other areas in the name of hunting for job. The shuffle effect of this flesh of migration is extended to food production in that it leads to the lack of manpower in pastoral areas and therefore agriculture is adversely affected.When it comes to the relationship between unemployment and housing, it is evident that the minor level of income which is associated with unemployment results to mushrooming of open settlements like slums in towns and squatters in rural areas. The unemployed lack money to rent descent houses or subvert land of their own thus results to deviation of the law and settling in lands owned by other people. This leads to cycle of crimes and battles between the security officers and the jobless people.In addition to this, standards of living are affected with the informal settlement dwellers lacking basic necessities like drainage systems, water and other sanitation facilities hence patronage outbreaks of diseases (Snower, 2000, 16). In other cases, chronic lack of jobs leads to xenophobic attacks that polarizes the diplomatic relation of a country with others. This occurs due to thi nking that unemployment results when the available jobs are being taken by a foreigner who is regarded as non citizens.During this kind of attacks, robbery, rape, destruction of property and demonstrations become the order of the day. To evade such adverse influences of unemployment, many countries have come up with economic strategic plans that attempt to ensure there are adequate employment opportunities to bury jobless people and graduates from both universities and other tertiary level colleges. USA has been on the fore seem in endeavor. The president-elect barrack Obama has come up with policies for the country to address the low level of unemployment that had occurred during the previous disposal (Adam, 2003, 86).These include provision of immediate tax cut for workers and their families. This aims to make half of the tax credit be available to the workers and the jobless thus maintaining the consumer expenditure, strengthening the economy as well as rescuing many Americans who are faced with economic challenges. Another strategy which president Oboma is using is the provision of immediate supplement to social security for the low and middle income seniors. This is because the president understands that high prices are overburdening the seniors surviving on fixed incomes.He is providing to the middle and low income that are not benefiting from the tax credit, an immediate one time supplement to their social security benefit. Establishment of a kitty to assist families from foreclosure is another way which Obama is using to cushion the low income earners and the unemployed. This plan will aid people to live in their residentials and renegotiate with their lenders as well as preventing more decline in property values thus reducing the effect of a content foreclosure crisis on the state and household budgets.Lastly, he has initiated the provision of relief for local and state governments badly hit by housing crisis to protect curtailment of services lik e health education and infrastructure. This is because the housing crisis and drop economy has resulted to significant decline of revenue in both state and local governments. In terminus therefore, it is of a paramount importance for any government to ensure that the economy is properly managed to produce employment opportunities since failure to do so may result to eruption of incidences that ripple the welfare of a country. change by reversal citedAdams Frank. Unemployment and Social Decay in Urban areas. Routledge, London, 2003, pp. 86 Anderson Ewan. An Introduction to Essentials of Economics.. Praeger Publishers, Westport CT, 2000, pp. 67 Earney Fillmore. The Global Indicators of Social Welfare. Macmillan Publishers, London, 1997, pp. 102 Gulluly James. The Principles of Economics. W. H Fremmil, 1998, pp. 23 Nelson Daniel. Unemployment Insurance The American Experience. University of Wisconsin, 1999, NewYork, pp. 33 Snower Dennis. Unemployment Benefits An Assessment for Reform s. Macmillan Publishers, London, 2000, pp. 16

Plato and the Concept of Knowledge Essay Example for Free

Plato and the Concept of Knowledge EssayPlatos Theaetetus is a converse that discusses and attempts to find a definition of knowledge. The two characters, Socrates and Theaetetus, approach the argument with the initial idea that knowledge is the numbermation of a unbent judgment and an account. However, Socrates raises some concerns regarding the fundamental aspects that make the definition true. Ultimately, the two characters find that their headmaster definition of knowledge is not as accurate, nor as simple as they once believed.The article opens with Theaetetus recalling a definition of knowledge he once heard, which stated true judgment with an account is knowledge and is and so knowable, and the kind without an account falls outside the sphere of knowledge and is in that respectfore unknowable (126). Socrates begins to scruple ones ability to determine whether something is or is not knowable, and he demonstrates the concept using the relationship between elements a nd complexes. In doing so, he explains a recent dream of his, which, in turn, is actually an explanation of Dream speculation.Dream Theory states that the primary elements, of which we and everything else are composed, have no account. Each of them itself, by itself, can only be named (126). In other words, as elements cannot be broken down further, elements cannot have an account because that would require the determining of whether or not the said elements exist. The addition of that information onto the original element itself results in something that is no longer in its simplest form.Therefore, no elements can have accounts, nor can they be knowable elements can only be perceived. Consequently, this poses the question as to whether or not complexes are knowable given that their elements are not. When complexes are viewed as the sum of all their elements, it is safe to conclude that the complexes are unknowable, as their elements are unknowable. This idea allowed Socrates to th en consider whether complexes were continent sums or if they should instead be viewed as wholes that cannot be dissected into parts.However, the problem with this idea is that, when viewed as a whole that cannot be separated, the complex is then no different than an element, and therefore cannot have an account. After impuissance to determine what does and does not have an account, Socrates decides to turn his attention to determining what constitutes an account. First, he defines it as stating ones judgment through speech. Immediately, this manifests flaws in the sense that any true statement could then be considered an account.If this were the case, there would be no differentiation between an account and a true judgment. Next, he defines an account as listing the elements of the things known. Again, this must be incorrect because the possibility exists that one could simply memorize the elements without actually thought them. Without understanding, one cannot have knowledge. Fi nally, he defines an account as differentiating the known thing from everything else. This would require knowledge of the differences, and finally would again be a reiteration of the true judgment.Additionally, one would be defining knowledge as true judgment plus knowledge, which would be considered a fallacy. This marks the final turning point in Socratess and Theaetetuss overall definition of knowledge, where the two characters decide that their initial definition could not be considered correct. Through their attempts to dissect the supposed explanation of knowledge, Socrates and Theaetetus finally reach the conclusion that knowledge is neither perception, nor true judgment, nor an account added to true judgment (133).

Change Management and Communication Plan Essay Example for Free

potpourri Management and Communication Plan EssayRiordan Manufacturing has decided to make a swap to companys node precaution dodging. The company does non currently have any orchis system for managing their customer information and has tradition everyy left this up to individual employees. This bracing system will require all employees to phthisis one customer management system. Your team is now working to help Riordan implement this think change. Your team must do the side by side(p) in your role as consultants Review the intranet site for Riordan Manufacturing including benevolent Resources Organizational Charts, Employee Files, etc. , and Sales Marketing Marketing Information Systems. Create a change management plan and communication plan of 1,050- to 1,400-words. Your plan should include the details from section I and section II outlined on a lower floor.Section I change Management Plan hear the current formal and escaped power coordinates in the administ ration. How might the power and political social organization of the organization affect employee behavior? Identify the most appropriate and effective organizational social systems for Riordan Manufacturing that will help them accomplish their planned changes.Section I Change Management PlanRiordan Manufacturing formal leaders consist of the chief executive, presidents, vice-presidents, uplifted-level managers, middle-level managers and low managers. Each person is prudent for implementing changes that will benefit the structural system for the company. According to the organizational charts, the organization is separated by assorted departments into functional aras. According to the organizational charts, the organization is separated by various departments into functional areas. For example, in the Human Resource they are responsible for benefits, policy and procedures, job classification, annual reviews and gaze results just to name just about of the functions within th e Human Resource Department.Informal leaders have non-official positions alike secretaries, maintenance people, auditors and others who are less important but carry out the vision and mission of the company. A gatekeeper does not hold a position of authority, but they usually work closely with the formal leaders of the company. The power and political structure of the organization whitethorn frustrate employees when decisions are made that are unclear or not enunciatedand lack vision or reasoning behind the decisions. The system relies on clear and concise communication at all times. It is important that chief executive officer is precondition accurate information at all times.Riordan Manufacturing discovered some problems with their employees such as an inability to activate employees and how to reduce the high turnover rate within the company. This was discovered through the Riordan human resources department structure which does not allow employee empowerment and as a result is delaying authorisation growth due to the sick profits, and reduction in sales. The human resources department guides to revisit some of their decisions to strength their portion of the structure and better the company for the future. The high turnover rate has caused lack of employee motivation, low morale and with pay levels below their competitorsstandards there is lack of structure in the performance review process within the entire company. These issues poop be corrected by creating a coaching, feedback process, and planning career development programs by either creating or improving their current performance compensate systems.Riordan Manufacturing has selected a structure that will require all employees to use one customer management system. In doing so, Riordan has adopted a structure that closely resembles a bureaucratic nature. Standardization is the key concept in manufacturing. The formal leaders within the Riordan Manufacturing are each responsible for implementi ng changes that will benefit the structural system for the company. Organizations structures can have significant effects on its members. potential drop effects of a bureaucratic structure on employee behavior are attributed to its formalized, mechanistic model where rectitude in policy and procedures is a large indicator of job satisfaction. The bureaucratic environment in which Riordan Manufacturing adopts high levels of work specialization contributes to higher levels of productivity, but may sacrifice in areas of lower job satisfaction.This could be connected to the high turnover rate at Riordan in addition to the low pay levels when compared to identical markets. Management needs to consider the organizational structure and its effects on employees on an individual basis. In a bureaucratic environment management may consider looking into characteristics of employees that help determine their potential in working in such a structure and train employees through coaching and e ducation to help them adapt to the vision Riordan management would expect from its employees, employing those that that prefer routine and security of specialized jobs may perform better in a manufacturing organization like Riordan. Riordan Manufacturing culture can be describe in a descriptive term. The current structure and management operations would like to reverse some of the current trends in the workplace that affect its organizational culture. Recent discoveries have uncovered problems influencing culture at Riordan such as levels of motivation and tenure at the company.It was discovered that Riordan human resources department structure does not allow employee empowerment and are delaying potential growth because of the unbalanced profits and reduction in sales. The new system aspires to create a new culture where management motivates its employees through a reward system and competitive pay, where workers find management approachable with ideas to meliorate work processes, while following the idea that luck to implement change will benefit the structural system of the company. Riordan human resources department reassessment of its structure can positively impact Riordans overall organizational culture by focusing on pay and its incentive packages.Management at Riordan can consider news ways in which to improve its culture. Ideally, upper management would encourage mid-level management to allow feedback from employees to improve work processes while still following the chain of command to create improvement. Though there are more stringent rules in a manufacturing plant, Riordan management wants to instill its trust in its workers, making them feel they are trusted and that their individual plan is supported. The new operations at Riordan involve team work that encourages positive interaction, collaboration, goal setting, and a reward system that supports its desires for improved culture at Riordan Manufacturing. Recommend a strategy to implement th e changes over the next 12 months. Describe how you will evaluate the success or failure of the planned change.Section II Communication PlanCreate a Communication Plan for the proposed change covered in the Change Management Plan. In the Communication Plan, complete the following Select the most appropriate channels to communicate the change to the employees, and explain why you selected these channels.Identify the potential barriers to effective communication and strategies for overcoming the barriers.Develop a nitty-gritty for one of the selected communication channels. In the message, complete the following Identify those areas affected by the change. Establish the need for the change. Create a sense of urgency around the change. Outline next steps in the change process.

Comparing Two Computer Advertisements Two Computer advertisements Essay Example for Free

poopvas Two Computer Advertisements Two Computer advertisements EssayWhether you like it or not, the media, to a large extent, defines your invigoration and the way you recall. It includes television, cinema, radio, video, magazines, books , the internet and newspapers.In this essay I entrust be taking an analytical smell at two computer advertisements that caught my attention in two different newspapers, namely The Guardian, and The Sun. What is amazing is the kernel of space taken up by both advertisements. Both adverts can be categorized as advertorials as the companies they represent are describing and promoting their respective products. As the Guardian is a broadsheet and The Sun a tabloid, it goes without saying that distributively will target a different audience.The content in textbook A features a computer and tells the reader about the software and hardware that they are trying to sell. The article is written in quite a persuasive style. The Macintosh Perfor ma in text A is advertised in The Sun and makes use of an attention-grabbing heading that is overly ambiguous Difficult. Temperamental. Hard to understand. On a quick scan at the text and looking at the picture of a sullen-looking boy, one is ready to make the sleeper about a boy who is possibly throwing a tantrum. And it is in the ambiguity where the punch-line lies. Unlike the boy who will be tantrumming from time to time, with the Macintosh Performa, theres no frustrating, baffling patience-trying set-up procedures.The layout is really spectacular. The article takes up an entire page. The master(prenominal) text is set out in three columns, relatively densely printed with early paragraphs playing on the implication that both computers and children can be Difficult. Temperamental. Hard to understand. The rest of the text stresses that the Performa is a well-behaved and various(a) computer.The text is broken up by the use of two line drawings of the computer and the software.T he tone of the text is reassuring, helpful, and stresses accessibility of the Performas functions.The price of the computer is tactically delayed until the third column The price of the computer rise at just 1,099. The reader or prospective buyer will at this point tactile sensation that it is worth every penny with all its functions.There is also a constitutional reference to the computer simulation featured and appears in very small print at the foot of the page. And a list of dealers is also in very small print at the foot of the page.Advertisement B shows a adynamic distant view of the front of an Aptiva computer. The company that promotes this product is IBM and their logo is located in the right go past corner at the bottom of the page.The complete system is there for the reader to see. I also think that they are trying to tempt the reader as they use a cluster of adjectives Loud, colourful, fast-moving, enjoyable, stuffThe spry contrast between the two texts is the la yout. Unlike text A, that has three columns, text B has no columns, except paragraphs with sub-headings. And this makes the advert appear dull and unattractive to the readers. But then again, the audience in this case is different to that of text A. As this advertisement appears in the broadsheet newspaper, its readers are usually keen business plenty and the emphasis is not so much on entertainment but on efficiency and in the altogether edge technology. Therefore, when the price 1,799 is quoted the reader will not be surprised at all. However, a ghostwriter of humor is added when OK, maybe not for dogs. appears in very small print next to the price. This humorous level may have been included to discourage readers from dwelling on the price. Reference to the model featured appears in a very small print at the foot of the page.The heading is fairly conventional, using bold, color lettering against a black background.The main text is set out in paragraphs and the word scarf ou t is repeated in the large 5 sub-headings.The tone of the text is light-hearted, whimsical, with a joke in each of the first two sections.You can also see the TOYS R US logo under the pic of the computer which tells you they are the outlets for the new Aptiva.Both advertisements use persuasive techniques for example, repetition in text B the word stuff. The word stuff gives it a more(prenominal) colloquial style.Of the two advertisements I liked the Performa more as it appears to be very user friendly As soon as you plug it in, the Performa can run, However, it needs to be said, that when you buy an Aptiva, you buy into a new lifestyle.

Critical evaluation - blood brothers Essay Example for Free

Critical military rating blood brothers EssayThe form did not open with the curtain going up but rather with the lights going up. My seat was in the gallery, which is quite high up, but after I got over the intellect of vertigo my view of the wreak was fine. I could not see the gantry at the back of the coif or the real front of the show, but very little of the action took place in these areas. The capriole was written in the first 1960s by the Liverpudlian playwright Willy Russell and was first performed in the primordial 1980s. The play is a slice of life, or an impression of life starting in Liverpool in the early 1960s through until the 1980s, of poor working class families.The play combines music and song with narrative. The set of farm animal Brothers consisted of, on either side of the stage a row of terraced house fronts. At the back of the stage there was a gantry which was used by the narrator and at once by Mrs. Johnston when she sang a song that was an o verview of the action that had just taken place, there was a countryside backcloth with two moveable brick protect flats which move across to cover this. The set was very appropriate for the play, it combined well with the slice of life. The sustain were minimalist and brought on stage by the actors.There were four moveable flats, two that slid across the blast and two that came d proclaim from the ceiling. All the costumes and fixings were appropriate for the era of the play, they worked well together producing a veridical setting. The play opens with the twin brothers, lying down on stretchers and then being carried by. The narrator then informs the auditory modality of the events that have just happened and then the play begins. The play is about Mrs. Johnston, a working class buzz off of seven children who after her husband has left her for a younger woman discovers she is big(predicate) with twins.Mrs. Johnston is a tidy who works for a middle class couple, Mr. and Mr s. Lyons. Mrs. Johnston tells Mrs. Lyons of her predicament and so Mrs. Lyons who can not have children of her own and whose husband has gone remote on business for six months offers to take one of the twins for herself and vex him up as her own. After some persuasion Mrs. Johnston gives one of the boys to Mrs. Lyons. She finds it difficult to keep Mrs. Johnston on as her cleaner because she can see that there is a bond between mother and child and so fires her.Several years pass, the boys are outright seven, nearly eight, they meet when out playing, constitute great friends and crease Brothers. Both Mrs. Johnston and Mrs. Lyons try to keep the boys apart but are unable to do so. In a desperate attempt to separate the boys the Lyons move to a house in the country well away from rice paddy and the estate where the Johnstons exist. A few years later the council decide to demolish the estate where the Johnstons live and relocate the families to the countryside close to where the Lyons at once live. rice paddy has a girlfriend, Linda, a girl he has known since childhood. one and only(a) day when they are out walking they come across Eddie, (Mickeys twin), and rekindle their friendship. The twins are now sixteen years old and their friendship continues to grow until it is clip for Eddie to gone away to university. However Eddie declares his respect for Linda before leaving but she continues her relationship with Mickey and soon falls pregnant with his child and so they marry and move into Mickeys home. Mickeys older brother, Sammy, gets into trouble and Mickey agrees to help him out but instead ends up taking the fall for Sammy killing a man and goes to prison for seven years.During this time he becomes grim and withdrawn from Linda. She turns to Eddie for support and they soon become emotionally attached. When Eddies mother becomes aware of the romance she tells Mickey who, now out of prison, goes to Eddies work place. Mrs. Johnston now feels she must tel l the boys that they are brothers but this is too ofttimes for Mickey to understand in his present mental state, distressed and confused he shoots Eddie. Just as Mickey is doing this a policeman takes aim and fires killing Mickey. Both men are dead. On the whole the helping hand and the play were very good.At first it took a little time to get in to the play but it soon flowed naturally. The play held the audiences interest by the use of the narrator who appeared on the stage basis the action and would burst into song. A lot of information was given on the characters through the use of song, so the audience received much of the necessary information without realising it. The part of Mrs. Johnston was played by the singer and actress Dennis Nolan. Ms. Nolan exposit the hi flooring of her character through the song Just like Marilyn Monroe. Her story is not extraordinary or uncommon.A girl from a Roman Catholic working class family who falls in manage with a young man who takes h er dancing and says she looks a lot like Marilyn Monroe. Romance soon fades once the babies start arriving. Possibly because of her faith, which would have instilled a belief that children are a blessing, she soon has a full-size family and her husband begins to look elsewhere for what he first found attractive in his wife. He begins to go dancing with a girl who he says looks a lot like Marilyn Monroe. When he leaves home Mrs. Johnston discovers she is pregnant with the twins of the story.This is when the events that lead up to the final tragedy really begin. Mickey is the twin that Mrs. Johnston kept. He grows up in this very poor working class family but as a child is primarily happy and full of mischief. He does not expect an easy life and accepts who he is and what his future get out be. He does not expect to go to university like his friend Eddie because in his mind and at this time it was usually only children from better off families who went. Mickey would have been happy to work and bring up his children in a working class family.It is unemployment and bad choices that take away his pride and his future. He becomes very depressed, feels worthless and finally sees his marriage fall apart. The actor who played Mickey had to act the part of a child through to an adult, his mannerisms were very good and his gestures appropriate for the different ages. When he was seven Mickey acted and moved as if he was seven and when he was cardinal he acted and moved like a twenty year old. His voice changed as well, it moved from a high quick voice to a deeper more than solemn one.Linda is the childhood friend of Mrs. Johnstons children and especially of Mickey. The two children grow up together, play together and become girl and boyfriend. This relationship is threatened by Lindas attraction to Eddie, Mickeys twin, but although she realises that it is Eddie that she loves she does not end her relationship with Mickey. When Eddie goes away to university she become s pregnant with Mickeys child and marries him. Lindas role in the play is huge, it is her relationship with Eddie which finally destroys Mickey and leads to the final tragedy.The play contained quite a lot of swearing but this was only used to aid the script and make it more realistic. At the end of the play many people in the audience were in rupture which showed how good the performances had been. As a straight play this would have been a very sad story of some very hard lives but because the story is told partly in song the mood is much lighter. It shows that there can be laughter in even the most difficult of lives, but withal how our own upbringing, superstitions and prejudices can make our lives more complicated and more difficult.

Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

health and companionable flush EssayThere ar many exponents of health to date out about my volunteers prove health. Firstly, there is the bankers bill flow meter. My volunteers peak flow reading is 410 therefore this rises that she shows no signs of asthma attack and her ventilation roll is median(a) and shows that her health is in a positive state. My volunteers BMI shows that she is slightly over freight keeping this in mind I have put up her targets which will help her to have a just weight. belong of all, my volunteers kin wedge is approximately a reading of 120/80 mmHg which is in general an reasonable reading of neckcloth cart. Therefore this shows that she does not show signs of high blood storm and this similarly indicates that she is not under a lot of stress or pressure from work and studies. This also reveals that my volunteers present blood pressure is relative to average and that her present health is essentially positive. Page 1Zoom in Page 1 2 3 4 5 Next Level GCSESubject Health and Social Care Word count 1506 Save View my saved documents Submit similar document Share this Health and Social Care Download this essay Print Save GCSE HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE An back down from this document Task 1 There are many indicants of health. Indicators of health can help you find out about an individuals health. The main indicators are * Height weight charts * Body Mass Index (BMI) * credit line pressure * Peak flow meter * Resting pulse and reco really after exercise Height weight chartsWhen babies are born, they are weighed and measured regularly to display whether they are fed properly. They are also assessed to show their growth rates and see if they are growing properly. Also to see if the baby is underweight, overweight, average etc Additionally, they are weighed every week for the first two months of their lives. Body Mass Index (BMI) Body mass tycoon is an indicator of good health as it measures the amount of fat in an in dividuals body in connective to his or hers lift.It is a formula used to show your body weight in relation to your height to see whether you are underweight, average or overweight. BMI equals weight in kilograms divided by height in meters. Blood pressure Blood is carried from the smell to all parts of your body in vessels called arteries. Blood pressure is the pressure in which the blood is applied in the arteries and the force in which the heart pumps blood. According to Google, they jell blood pressure as, the level of pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them. This is also a fortunate indicator of an individuals health as it measures how fast your heart is pumping blood therefore it advises you if you need to do plastered things to help slow down the rate at which your heart pumps. As you can see, its a very positive thing and can help stop you from developing indispositions such as heart disease and can make your kidney wor k harder which is very damaging. Blood pressure is very vital to the body and if it is average past your modus vivendi will be much more satisfied. Peak Flow Meter other way of checking on your health is by using a peak flow meter. A cast flow meter is a special kind of instrument that measures the breathing rate and the volume of air taken in by an individual in the time of each breath. In addition, they are also used to distinguish how efficient a souls lungs are. To use a peak flow meter, a person has to blow as hard as he/she can into the mouthpiece and then examine the pointer and check the reading yet you must do this three times to assure that you get an absolute reading.The measurement is used to estimate the width of the air flow in the bronchi. This is a positive indicator and you can use it to find out whether an individual is breathing properly or if they are managing their asthma correctly etc Resting pulse and convalescence after exercise A persons resting pulse rate is the pulse rate when a person is sitting still without moving. You can measure your pulse rate by placing pressure on your wrist or your neck. Your recovery heart rate is the number of beats per minute your heart drops when you stop moving.The higher the fitness levels the faster the drop in heart rate. The most common recovery heart rate can be measurement of up to 1 to 2 minutes however a complete recovery heart may consist of up to an hour. This is a positive indicator of health considering it shows how healthy and athletic your body is after exercise. If your heart does not pump that fast then you are in a healthy and fit state so your body can be affected by much less diseases or illnesses therefore it is very beneficial and helpful. Task 2There are many indicators of health to find out about my volunteers present health. Firstly, there is the peak flow meter. My volunteers peak flow reading is 410 therefore this shows that she shows no signs of asthma and her breathing rate is average and shows that her health is in a positive state. My volunteers BMI shows that she is slightly overweight keeping this in mind I have set her targets which will help her to have a average weight. Last of all, my volunteers blood pressure is approximately a reading of 120/80 mmHg which is in general an average reading of blood pressure.Therefore this shows that she does not show signs of high blood pressure and this also indicates that she is not under a lot of stress or pressure from work and studies. This also reveals that my volunteers present blood pressure is proportional to average and that her present health is essentially positive. Task 4 I have set 3 targets for my volunteer to meet and stick to in order for her to improve her health. Those three targets that I have set are 1) To have a balanced diet 2) To do regular exercise 3) To improve personalized hygieneI think that to improve my volunteers health needs, she must stick to these particular targets so t hat her lifestyle can be developed and progressed so that she can achieve her overall needs. Task 5 Previously, I had chosen 3 targets for my volunteer to stick to in order to improve her health. Here is a health plan for each of those targets for my volunteer to know thoroughly how to improve and stick to her targets. Wash clothing and linens on a regular basis. However, the dilemma is germs and bacteria can develop and increase in your dirty clothes basket so try to be persistent on a weekly cleaning schedule.

Chemistry thermo lab, Hesss Law Essay Example for Free

Chemistry thermo lab, Hesss Law EssayIntroductionIn this lab, we will be determining the transmit in enthalpy for the combustion reaction of magnesium (Mg) using Hesss law. action1. React about 100 mL of 1.00 M hydrochloric acid with 0.80 g of MgO. annotation the revision in temperature and any qualitative information.2. React about 100 mL of 1.00 M hydrochloric acid with 0.50 g of Mg. Note the assortment in temperature and any qualitative data.Raw DataQuantitativeReaction, trialMass ( 0.01 g)initial temperature( 0.1 C)Final temperature( 0.1 C)Volume of HCl( 0.05 mL)Reaction 1, visitation 10.8022.026.9100.00Reaction 1, Trial 20.8022.226.9100.00Reaction 2, Trial 10.5021.644.4100.00Reaction 2, Trial 20.5021.843.8100.00Qualitative1. Hydrochloric acid is colorless and odorless2. Magnesium put down is shiny after cleaning it from oxidants, increasing its purity.3. In both reactions, the solution became bubbly.4. There was a absolute odor from the reaction.Data ProcessingTrial 1Re action 1First, we have to calculate the T by subtracting the lowest temperature by initial temperature1. 2. 3. Now we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water1. 2. 3. 4. Now, we can exercising q=mc T to calculate the aptitude gained by the solution1. 2. 3. therefrom1. Now, we have to calculate the takings of breakwateres for MgO1. 2. 3.We can now calculate the alteration in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the alteration reagent1. Now, we do reaction 2, trial 1 so we can aim Hesss law to calculate the salmagundi in enthalpy of composition, but first we are termination to calculate the uncertainty in this expressionFirst, we calculate the uncertainty for the1. 2. 3. Now for mass1. 2. As for the aught gained1. 2. Now for the sinew of the reaction1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc.As for the moles1. 2. Finally, the diverge in enthalpy1. 2. 3.Reaction 2First, we have to calculate the T by subtracting the final temperature by initial temperature1. 2. Now we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water1. 2. 3. Now, we can subroutine q=mc T to calculate the capacity gained by the solution1. 2. thereof1. Now, we have to calculate the get of moles for MgO1. 2.We can now calculate the adjustment in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the moderate reagent1. I will now calculate the uncertaintiesFirst, we calculate the uncertainty for the1. 2. Now for mass1. 2. As for the energy gained1. 2. Now for the energy of the reaction1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc.As for the moles1. 2. Finally, the change in enthalpy1. 2. 3. Now, we mapping Hesss law to calculate the change of enthalpy of formation1. MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l)2. Mg (s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2 (g)3. H2(g) + 0.5 O2(g) H2O(l) (given)By reversing reaction number 1, we can get our targeted reactionMg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s)N ow to calculate the change of enthalpy, which will be the change of enthalpy of formation?1. 2. Our final result is1. Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s)Random faulting and percent fallacyWe can calculate the hit-or-miss error by just adding the random errors of the component reactions1. 2. 3. As for the percent error1. 2. 3.Trial 2Reaction 1First, we have to calculate the T by subtracting the final temperature by initial temperature1. 2. Now we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water1. 2. 3. Now, we can procedure q=mc T to calculate the energy gained by the solution1. 2. 3. Therefore1. Now, we have to calculate the number of moles for MgO1. 2. 3.We can now calculate the change in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the limiting reagent1. Now, we do reaction 2, trial 1 so we can use Hesss law to calculate the change in enthalpy of formation, but first we are sledding to calculate the uncertainty in this expressionFirst, we calculat e the uncertainty for the1. 2. 3. Now for mass1. 2. As for the energy gained1. 2. Now for the energy of the reaction1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc.As for the moles1. 2. Finally, the change in enthalpy1. 2. 3. Reaction 2First, we have to calculate the T by subtracting the final temperature by initial temperature1. 2. Now we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water1. 2. 3. Now, we can use q=mc T to calculate the energy gained by the solution1. 2. Therefore1. Now, we have to calculate the number of moles for MgO1. 2.We can now calculate the change in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the limiting reagent1. I will now calculate the uncertaintiesFirst, we calculate the uncertainty for the1. 2. Now for mass1. 2. As for the energy gained1. 2. Now for the energy of the reaction1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc.As for the moles1. 2. Finally, the change in enthalpy1. 2. 3.Now to c alculate the change of enthalpy, which will be the change of enthalpy of formation1. 2. Our final result is1. Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s)Random error and percent errorWe can calculate the random error by just adding the random errors of the component reactions1. 2. 3. As for the percent error1. 2. 3. Processed dataTrial 1Trial 2of reaction 1-104 kJ/mol ( 2.10%)-99 kJ/mol ( 2.19%)of reaction 2-463 kJ/mol ( 0.509%)-446 kJ/mol ( 0.525%)of MgO-645 kJ/mol ( 2.61%)-633 kJ/mol ( 2.72%)Conclusion and EvaluationIn this lab, we determined the standard enthalpy change of formation of MgO using Hesss law. First, we reacted HCl with MgO for the first reaction and got -104 kJ/mol ( 2.10%) for trial 1 and -99 kJ/mol ( 2.19%) for trial 2. As for reaction 2, where you react, I got -463 kJ/mol ( 0.509%) for trial 1 and -446 kJ/mol ( 0.525%) for trial 2. When we use Hesss Law, we have to reverse reaction 1 to get the targeted equation, Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s), and we get an enthalpy change revalue of -645 kJ/mol ( 2.61%) for trial 1, and -633 kJ/mol ( 2.72%) for trial2. For trial 1, my value got a percent error of 7.14%, which is not that bad considering the weaknesses this lab had that will be discussed in the evaluation. However, in trial 2, I got a better percent error, which is 5.15%, we got a better value because we had a bigger H values thus when adding them (since one of them is positive and the other two is negative) we get a smaller value for the enthalpy change of formation thus bringing us closer to the speculative value.The biggest weakness in this lab was the slag of the substances, the arrogances that we made about the HCl solution, for example, we assumed that the specific heat capacity of the solution is the same as water, which is an assumption that is not a 100% accurate and affected our H values for both reactions and eventually our final Hf value. To fix this, In the different range of specific heat capacity values, 4.10 j/g k would have been more appropr iate to get closer to our theoretical values, as you get a bigger qrxn values thus bigger H values.Another thing that I noticed is that the theoretical value that I got was the Standard enthalpy change of formation. Standard meaning at standard conditions which are at 293 K and 101.3 kPa for pressure. These werent the conditions in the lab when I did the experiment. This might alter the experimental value closer to the theoretical value reducing the percent error.

Creative writing Essay Example for Free

Creative writing EssayOn Writing by Stephen force is a memoir of the craft of the job as a published agent, mainly aimed toward the aspiring ones. The make is divided up into three components. The first surgical incision titled C. V. was all told authentic glimpses into queers life and featured interesting little episodes that King considered his life lessons or things that sparked his sense of humor. It also provided a very important part in the basic aspects of being a good writer King grew up loving to read and read frequently. He started writing and submitting his work at an early epoch and thats where C. V. paints the picture of a real-life struggling novelist how he had to work at several different crummy, though nevertheless interesting, and inspiring defend setting jobs while supporting a family, a drug habit, and a fairly large and fairly fl devotiond manuscript. The second particle was titled On Writing, a section I found the most interesting and identified the most with as part of being two an aspiring author and a curious one.In this portion of the memoir of the craft, King gives you, flat-out but not in a patronizing tone, what you need to succeed as a decent writer. The best carriage to summarize how I felt about the section as a whole is this when he revealed that he taught high school English for several years in the first place the success of Carrie, I was desperately jealous of those students. But at the end of the day, I suppose any reader that is interested enough in King could always be his student by picking up book after book of his and becoming transfixed by his material and in promiseigence from cover to cover.Lastly, theres the last section of the book, where King explores his painful memories of the accident from when an oblivious man in a blue van literally ran King over during one of his notorious thought-processing walks. The man, in attempt to calm down his Rottweilers in the backseat, veered off pathway and too k King clear off his feet. This section of the book is about that and his slow road to recovery. It literally wrenched my heart when he talked of his wife setting up a table in the moss-grown hall that he sat at to write for the first time.It was obvious that writing is more than respectable a business occupation and it becomes obvious in this section that King has a real sexual love for the craft. Despite it being far from the definitive writers guideline, this book takes on a unusual perspective on creative writing spectrum. King lays down the law and then he teaches it, essentially. He shares his techniques, his pet peeves, and his own personal horrific experiences both as child and adult and he does it all within the defined space of what all he can say on a printed page.And he does it well. He constructs a personal ending with tragedy, growth, and experience within a tight covering of his notable storytelling style. And overall, I think Stephen King wrote this simply be cause he could. He knew it is a select audience that is firing to read it and those fans who dont ever care to be writers wont read this book. by chance Im wrong and they might with the mindset that they might gain some secret discernment into the mind of their idol and let me bonny tell you firsthand if that is the case, they will be disappointed.In not so many words, King says exactly the same thing himself. There is no secret to my storytelling. It just is what it is. As true as I can say it, its just a distribute of hard work, dedication, time, and exceled patience. All of which, I had to learn on my own, King writes. Lastly, in the heart of the book, in the section On Writing, King writes, Now comes the big question What are you going to write about? And the evenly big answer Anything you damn well want.Anything at all as long as you tell the truth. Your truth. Thats the biggest lesson I took away from this. But there is more, believe it or not. You can tell it from his writing. And before he gets to the end, King goes ahead and lets the cat out of the bag when he is writing about startle again after his debilitating accident. He writes, I feel that buzz of happiness, that sense of having found the right words and put them in a line.Its like lifting off in an airplane youre on the ground, on the ground, on the ground and then youre up, riding on a magic cushion of air and prince of all you survey. That makes me happy because its what I was made to do. As a human, I was touched by his childhood anecdotes and often laughed with him about his insecurities. I am still in awe at what he has recently had to overcome physically. But as a writer, I am welcome for a brief glimpse into his vocational, bright burning world.I gained confidence from learning about things I have been doing right and have changed many bad habits or wrongdoings Id been screwing up on obliviously the entire time because sometimes the coldest hands to wrap around your neck are the true ones. The only bad thing I can say about this book is that its too short, something one rarely has the opportunity to state regarding the beloved author. And a huge thank you goes to the beloved author himself Stephen King for a brief indulgence into the life of a genius storyteller.

Brick And Mortar Travel Agency Supply Chain Information Technology Essay

Brick And Mortar Travel elbow room Supply Chain Information Technology EssayIntroductionAt the dawn of the net profit evolution in the 1990s, myriads of communication channeles began realizing the bombastic opportunities that the internet presented to them. They k unseasoned the internet could help them re-engineer processes, lower be, increase profits, up efficiency and effectuality simultaneously, and raise the bar of customer service, alone at the same time. One industry that was quick to model on the internet bandwagon was prompt and tourism, where airline companies had been relying heavily on a ne dickensrk of conk operators to make a motion as a conduit amidst them and the sounders. With the internet, businesses engaged in get and tourism began to directly touch pes with their clients at real-time, low be, and with more than than than personal touch. Thus, it lay near be state that these businesses transitioned from a business-to-business (B2B) brick-and-m ortar model to consumers-to-business (C2B) e-commerce model. umteen sound agents had to level up their trading operations in order to survive the shift towards C2B and away from B2B. days after these brick-and-mortar travel agencies caught on the e-commerce bandwagon, however, critical issues approximately their takeimum carry throughance remain.This paper leave behind thus discuss the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that travel agents possess in a C2B environment. It will explore which strengths must be hygienic-kept in order to survive succeeding waves of changes and remain at the crest, which weaknesses must be dealt with to stem decline, which opportunities must be tapped to grow their businesses sustainably, and which threats must be confronted to avoid being sank by competition. This paper will cogitate with a set of recommendations on what crumb be done to leverage the internet as a powerful medium for travel and tourism businesses.Brick and Mort ar Travel Agency Supply ChainOnline culture site wisegeek.com defined brick-and-mortar companies as those that operate out of a physical building, where confessers must invest to hold an office space, purchase supplies and fixtures, and pay for expenses needed to aliment the business operational (What is Bricks and Mortar?, 2010). The site said that brick-and-mortar atomic number 18 traditional companies that have faced fierce competition since the 1990s, when the internet started to boom, from online companies that atomic number 18 based on the internet and which run businesses for a fraction of the traditional costs (What is Bricks and Mortar?, 2010). The site contrasted brick-and-mortar companies with those online to illustrate the pros and cons of the two business models. Below is a tabular summary of the comparisonComparison of Brick-and-Mortar and Online CompaniesBrick-and-Mortar CompaniesOnline CompaniesCustomer TrustHas an return of visibility. Clients may think that a business with investments in buildings, employees, and goods ar less likely to be flee-by-night. stinkpot face questions about integrity. Clients may think that these companies are transitory and croup simply turn their backs on them by refusing to answer phone calls, e-mails, and pertly(prenominal) media for channeling complaints.Owner RiskPoses significant risk for the owners as businesses hire planning, tri-media marketing, and cash-flow to pay for e actuallyday expenses as well as capital outlay.Poses minimal risk for the owners as much of the traditional costs of running a business are non accrued.CompetitionHigh start-up costs and high turnover rates as companies struggle to stay afloat amid the competition from online as well as opposite brick-and-mortar companies.Low start-up costs but high turnover rates if companies cannot find their niche.To signalize the processes of a brick-and-mortar company, it is necessary to look at its supply chain. Mamaghani (2009) in Impact of E-commerce on Travel and touristry a Historical Analysis depict the roles of travel agents, clients, and airlines before the move towards the new medium of the internet. The reference said that during the pre-computerized period, travel agents advised clients on travel destinations, provided marketing materials, and acted as an intermediary in the complex process of arrange travel bookings. Because they were the proverbial middlemen, travel agents were complacent and not keen on take up their serve to cater to all clients (Mamaghani, 2009). According to Mamaghani (2009)The travel market became segmented as travel agents increasingly targeted corporate customers. Travel agents were able to provide value-added go like negotiation of bulk fares and arranging complex itineraries There were two waves of breeding technology that have had a major impact on the industry. The first of these is the reading of the direct reservation systems, such(prenominal) as the American Airlines SABRE system. The second is the development of online sales channels via the Internet.Travelers Online MarketingIn the article Will the Web Replace Your Travel element? published in the Medical Economics, author Murray (1996) said that the internet has increasingly become the better substitute to a travel agent for several reasons web can alert people about travel and destinations that might have escaped agents radar either because they are obscure or do not offer commissions, many travel websites offer extras you wont discover elsewhere, and that the web is increasingly replacing get out marketing materials that can be updated real-time on the internet (Murray, 1996).Because of the many advantages that being online bring to a C2B company, Fred Mawer (2005) said that the people who rely on travel agents alone will soon be a minority. He said that there are particularized advantages to booking travels online financial the internet reduces overheads for companies and man y kill less for online bookings, availability ability to find thousands of choices in a minute, and details good websites provide more detailed and clearer selective information than any other source (Mawer, 2005). Author Carl Gibeily (2002) wrote online traveling has been the only way to fly not just in the United States but overly in the Middle East and other parts of the globe.Expensive Advertisement for Brick-and-Mortar CompaniesOne of the traditional costs that brick-and-mortar companies incur is advertising. According to traveladvertising.com, an online community for travel agents, there are three categories of advertising that agents must use to reach out to their clients or potency clients. These forms of advertising include print advertising for magazines, newspapers, leaflets, poster campaigns advertising media advertising for TV and radio and new media advertising for the internet (traveladvertising.com, n.d.). Brick-and-mortar companies, because they do not have on line presence, concentrate their resources on funding print and media advertising, thus, depriving them of the extensive benefits of new media advertising. Descriptions of each category by traveladvertsiing.com are contained in a tabular summary at a lower placeCost-Benefit Analysis of Advertising for Travel brokersPrintMediaNew MediaTargeted towards a specific readershipLimited shelf conductLimited exposureCostly especially when placed in premium mankindations that target a specific audienceTargeted at a large sal sodaulation and wide geographyTarget population cannot be change down as ad will be exposed to diverse people with varied income levelsCostly and cannot be afforded by small-scale agents with no national or international presenceTargeted at a very large population across countriesTarget population can be narrowed down by providing contents that are relevant to the audienceRelatively inexpensive as costs include ad design, website development, and system maintenanc ePros and Cons of C2BAccording to William Sieglein (2000), C2B businesses that allow people to shop online provides flexibility, better prices and more selections for consumers but presents a great concern for security. He said that the exchange of personal information such as credit card number, home address and phone numbers pose threats in purchasing products off the conception Wide Web. As information travels through the internet, it may be intercepted, stolen and used for individuation theft.To provide a secured business environment online, C2B companies must ensure that that sensitive information that consumers provide online will be powerfully protected from unauthorized parties. Companies selling products online must assure consumers that the information is stored on their secure, well-configured unafraid zone of their network. These zones, most often referred to as demilitarized zone, should have secured firewall configurations. Strong access controls should excessivel y be in place, and this includes user identification and authentication. Server hardening, data storage encryption, and intrusion detections must likewise be estimable persistently.What can be the repercussions of not protecting your C2B business environments? A handful of adverse effects that can impinge on the growth of a company twain on the short and long term. First, temperament of the company would be dragged into the mud. Reputation is a valuable resource of online companies. If a company is deemed to be pleasing in deceitful transactions or is unable to block assertable deceitful transactions in its website, then consumers can easily and rather swiftly stay clear of the website. Consumers can rapidly deal out news about their bad experiences with the company to thousands of other consumers and potential consumers online via social networking sites and consumer feedback mechanisms. These happenings will subsequently consequent in lessened patronage for the site.Second, the company can be embroiled in a prolonged dispute settlement or costly legal battle whenever complaints about the security features of its site pop up. Dispute settlement and court cases will of course drain the company of precious resources. It can also tarnish the companys name in case that the proceedings conclude that the companys systems were not fail-safe.Third, leaks in the security features of a C2B can channel confidential information to competitors, allowing them an inside look into the companys processes and giving them the chance to spoil operations to their advantage. As a consequence, companies will have to shed money to shed money to contain the damage, inquire the incident, fortify security measures, and pursue legal actions against parties found to have breached the companys protection measures.Because the internet is a public place that is easily accessible by many people, C2B companies must provide their consumers several options to protect their individualis m and other personal information while transacting in the companys website. According to Dholakia, Dholakia, and Mundorf (2002), consumers may control the amount of information they make public on the internet by using four strategies identifiability, confidentiality, anonymity/pseudonimity, and secrecy. The strategies are described in detail below4 Consumer Strategies for Protecting Their Identities OnlineAccuracy of person-to-person Information ExternalizedAmount of Personal Information ExternalizedHighLowHighIdentifiabilityConsumer is willing to disclose all personal information with truth.Businesses can acquire high degree identity knowledge on the consumerAnonymity/PseudonimityConsumers disclose and fabricate all kinds of information that are supposedly about themselves on the internetConsumers are avoiding identifiability and trust is not give to the C2B websiteWebsite should not trust the information provided for by the consumerLowConfidentialityConsumer gives little perso nal information with high accuracyThe sites brand equity, reputations of the marketer, favorable endorsements and other elements may mastermind the consumer to trust the websiteSecrecyConsumers may share very little and potentially inaccurate personal informationThe level of accuracy and willingness to share information online clear pose some serious problems for C2B companies. For instance, consumers may use information of another person in entryway into transactions. In this case, it is very important that C2B travel companies state in its sales terms of conditions what types of responsibilities, if any, it will own up to.C2B Case Analysis Priceline.comPriceline.com Incorporated is a multinational company listed in NASDAQ that provides online travel services across Europe, North America, the Middle East, and Africa (priceline.com, n.d.). Its main purpose is to allow clients to save on airline tickets, hotel rooms, rental cars, vacation packages and cruises than any other Inter net travel service (priceline.com, n.d.).According to Chan, Lee, Dillon Chang (2001, p.10), Priceline.com introduced to the world a unused online application called the demand collection system, which allows consumers to bid for the prices of unsold airline tickets by naming the price for which they indigence to buy the tickets. By pioneering this consumer-oriented, dynamic, and customized pricing system, Priceline.com reinvented traditional commerce that often imposed fixed prices on consumers.The authors categorised the company as C2B in which consumer specifies the requirements to a business, which provides a product that gets these requirements. These requirements could be as simple as an acceptable price, or could involve considerable customization of an existing standard product, or creation of a new product (p. 8). The business model of Priceline.com is different from others that are into consumer-to-consumer, business-to-business, and business-to-consumer. The followin g is a tabular summary of dissimilar online business models (Chan, Lee, Dillon Chang, 2001, pp. 6-8).Online Business Model MatrixBusinessConsumerBusinessB2B TPNBuyer and vendor are business organizations.Can be buyer-oriented, seller-oriented or a virtual marketplace.B2C Amazon marketer is a business organization while the buyer is a consumer.Emulates physical retailing and is often called electronic retailing.ConsumerC2B PricelineConsumer is a seller while buyer is a business organization.Consumers set out requirements to businesses, which then attempt to satisfy the requirements.C2C eBaySeller and buyer are consumers.Virtual communities are formed where members host auctions or bid for products.Many things can be inferred from the business model of Priceline.com. First, the online travel service company performs the traditional roles of a travel agent. The huge difference between traditional travel agents and Priceline.com however is that the latter harnesses the huge potential s of the internet. Priceline.com uses the new media to deliver services in a much more efficient manner than a traditional travel agent and on a wider scale. Note that traditional agents are mere intermediaries who act as go-between, taking orders from consumers, presenting the orders to businesses, component part consumers decide on what to buy according to their budget and tastes by presenting varied options. Priceline.com does just that, yet in a much quicker manner.Second, Priceline.com empowers the consumers and allows businesses to stay in touch with consumers desires. Traditional travel agents may opt to cater to only a few groups like corporate clients that are sure to give them a steady flow of huge income. They may choose to disregard small-time infrequent travelers. With Priceline.com, however, all kinds of consumers are entertained. By specifying travel requirements and details, consumers will get a response from various travel companies that can meet the requirements a nd details they specified. Consumers are also empowered because they can sway businesses to provide products and services according to specifications and demands. Businesses also become in tuned with consumers demands in this type of business model. Because they learn of consumers demand real-time, they can rapidly customize products and services to respond to their markets.Third, Priceline.com presents enormous challenges in terms of technology. The company relies heavily on the internet in terms of providing services. Thus, it is imperative that it protects its systems against attacks, frauds, and phishing activities to safeguard the integrity of its operations as well as gain and keep the trust of its partners. Disruptions and downtimes caused by any technological problems will also cost Priceline.com. It should therefore continuously perform and maintain risk management programs.Review of LiteratureInternetThe advent of online business was made possible by one medium, the intern et. The development of the internet started in the 1950s when the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, was asked by the Department of Defense to develop a system to allow the United States to mount a tabulator attack in the event of a Soviet Union nuclear first strike (Boudreaux Sloboda, 1999). By 1965, DARPA sponsored A Cooperative Net-work of Time Sharing Computers that became the predecessor of the internet. Over the years, scientists, researchers and hobbyists contributed their talents to the development of the internet to become the capacious network that we have today (Boudreaux Sloboda, 1999).E-CommerceThe internet has created for businesses a level-playing field where the midgets can compete with the titans, where the start-ups can exposit for a fraction of a cost to challenge the old-timers. Indeed, the internet is a grand stage for entrepreneurs to case their bright ideas to the business world.Joshi and Yermish (2000) mentioned five occurrences that have been shaping the Internet as a business world. These occurrences are facilitating the transition towards the new media in terms of offering and availing of products and services. The authors identified these occurrences as (1) the separation of the information about products and services from the physical products and services themselves, (2) products and services are becoming information-based, (3) internet bridges distance between consumers and business organizations, (4) internet is a medium for rapidly responding to consumers and markets, and (5) internet allows consumers to become agents of marketing (Joshi Yermish, 2000). The following is a tabular summary of descriptions for each occurrenceOccurrences that Have Made the Internet a Business WorldIncreased Separation of the Flow of InformationInformation about products and services is distinct from actual products and services. Moreover, information travels to consumers and buyers faster than the provision of the physical ord ers themselves.Increased Focus on Information FlowsProducts and services are technologically intensive and may not be necessarily material objects. They may be delivered solely on the internet, from the internet or to the internet.Reduced DistanceThe third aspect to the new economy is the shrinking physical distances. In the new economy, proximity requirements have been almost totally removed as (in theory at least) everyone is connected with everyone else.speedy ResponseBusinesses are provided with real-time feedback from consumers while consumers get swift response from businesses. Rapid response allows businesses to be consumer-focused, service-oriented, and flexible as they are fed information about their performance and the competitions operations in a fast manner.Using the Customer as a Marketing AgentBecause internet is a medium where consumers can provide feedback and get response real-time, consumers may act as a marketing agent for a company. They can easily talk about fav orable services and official experiences they have had with a company and then go on sharing these experiences or talking about these services online, where thousands of people may be able to chance upon their insights.Matthewson (2002, pp.45-46) sets out the steps in achieving scoop up practices in online buying process where consumers go to the companies to buy goods and services customer acquisition, segmentation and targeting, promotions, online ordering, order fulfillment and after-sales support, and up-sell and cross-sell. Although the internet is a powerful medium, harnessing it does not guarantee success. Brynjolfsson Urban (2001, pp. 121-122) outlined practices that can make companies lead or lag in the industry. Some of the leading practices include focusing on matching take over technology to business scheme and customer requirements ensuring that appropriate technology capability and capacity were internally in place or available through partnering building technol ogy platforms to support Internet, intranet, and extranet applications, with a view to reinforcing, improving, or changing the value propositions of their core business early adoption of Web technologies to achieve a war-ridden advantage and learning the technology in the context of developing an information or marketing strategy (Brynjolfsson Urban, 2001, pp.121-122). Lagging IT practices include having the IT department responsible for e-business developments having underfunded and undervalued IT and e-business developments treating IT and Web-based technologies as a cost center rather than a profit center and positioning the CIO as a specialist functional manager (pp. 121-122).Travel Agent SWOT Analysis in C2B ModelIn a C2B business environment, travel agents with online presence all the way possess a great deal of strengths. However, with competition from small-time and big-ticket players ever-present, travel agents must ceaselessly be on the lookout. This is because on the online environment, other travel agents can easily duplicate their strengths, bank on their weaknesses, seize opportunities faster, and thwart threats more formidably, all in swift turn-around time.Below is a tabular abbreviation of the SWOT of travel agents operating in an online business environment.SWOT AnalysisInternalExternalmaximizeStrengthsThe strengths of a travel agent in an online C2B model include abilities to rapidly communicate with consumers, get their travel requirements, deliver these requirements to businesses, receive feedback from consumers for services and products delivered, and create possibilities for future collaborations.OpportunitiesThe opportunities would include the chance to cater to untapped segments of both the local and global marketplace.MinimizeWeaknessesThe weaknesses would include the need to respond to consumers and businesses 24 hours a day and septenary days a week at quick turn-around time.ThreatsThe threats would of course include security c oncerns and competition from other C2B that continuously enter the industry.ConclusionInternet is a potent tool for surviving and competing in the travel industry. However, companies and agents must know how to use this medium to their advantage as the internet has its kinks that can spell big troubles. To stay afloat in the travel industry, agents and companies must bank on the strengths of the internet and develop strategical plans that would help them sustain operations both in the short and long term (Chopra. Van Mieghem, 2000).